（1）研究了电弧增材制造设备在舰载振动环境下的振动响应。
（2）探明了舰载振动环境下电弧形态、熔滴过渡行为的演变形式。
（3）揭示了舰载振动环境下电弧形态、熔滴过渡行为的失稳机制。
（4）验证了舰载电弧增材制造具有一定可行性。
图1 舰载振动环境下熔滴过渡行为及机理
将电弧增材制造设备置于振动平台上，通过正弦变频振动信号模拟舰船振动，进行ER50-6低碳钢的沉积实验，通过振动信号采集系统实时检测焊枪和工作基板的振动信号，高速摄像机监控系统拍摄记录电弧、熔滴过渡的信息，定量评定电弧弧锥角、弧偏角、熔滴过渡形式、熔滴直径、熔滴偏离角度和成形件的形貌精度，分析舰载振动环境中电弧、熔滴过渡的演变行为及对成形形貌的影响。
（1）在外部振动环境的影响下，电弧增材制造设备各部位会随之发生振动，其中对成形影响最大的焊枪和基板产生了差异性的振动，导致电弧和熔滴过渡行为发生改变，从而恶化成形形貌。
（2）电弧形态变得更不稳定，从钟罩形变成喇叭形、扇形、扫把形以及不规则形状等，弧偏角和弧锥角的波动范围远远超过了稳态的，平均值分别为9.8°和61.9°。
（3）熔滴偏离更严重，是稳态时的2倍；过渡形式也从稳态下的喷射过渡，出现了大量大滴过渡和短路过渡，平均熔滴过渡时间和熔滴直径均大于稳态的，分别为13.9ms和1.5mm。
（4）成形试样形貌有所恶化，但内部依然是致密、无缺陷。 确保电弧形态、熔滴过渡行为和熔池形貌的稳定是实现高质量成形的关键。本文通过实时检测电弧增材制造设备焊枪和工作基板的振动信号、记录成形过程中电弧、熔滴过渡行为的演变，分析了舰载振动环境是如何影响成形过程，从而导致成形件形貌改变的。该研究初步验证了电弧增材制造在舰载振动环境下具有较高的适用性，但恶劣振动工况下仍然面临挑战，有待进一步研究。 “舰载增材制造”是将增材制造设备搬到舰船上，充分发挥增材制造技术能快速按需制备零部件的特点，对于深远海的开发应用和舰船的维修维护具有重要作用。但迄今为止，增材制造随舰修造仍处于探索和评估阶段，特别是质量认证严格的金属零部件还未见成功案例的报道。电弧增材制造具有良好的环境适应性和容错性，具备上舰制造的发展潜力和应用前景。
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