冲压技术及冲压零件结构工艺性
摘要
冲压是一种通过压力机和模具对板材等施加外力,使之产生塑性变形或分离,以获取所需形状和尺寸工件的成形加工方法。冲压广泛应用于汽车、锅炉、电机等领域,以及仪器仪表、家电等产品中。冲压件具有形状复杂、废料少、精度高、表面光洁、质量轻、互换性好等优点,且操作简便,便于机械化和自动化生产,成本低廉。
正文
冲压是靠压力机和模具对板材、带材、管材和型材等施加外力,使之产生塑性变形或分离,从而获得所需形状和尺寸的工件(冲压件)的成形加工方法。
冲压和锻造同属塑性加工(或称压力加工),合称锻压。冲压的坯料主要是热轧和冷轧的钢板和钢带。全世界的钢材中,有60~70%是板材,其中大部分经过冲压制成成品。汽车的车身、底盘、油箱、散热器片,锅炉的汽包,容器的壳体,电机、电器的铁芯硅钢片等都是冲压加工的。仪器仪表、家用电器、自行车、办公机械、生活器皿等产品中,也有大量冲压件。冲压件的应用十分广泛,相对于铸件,冲压件的优势十分明显。冲压工艺可以冲出形状复杂的零件,且废料较少;冲压产品的精度更高高,表面光洁,互换性好;零件质量轻、强度和刚度较高;操作简单,便于机械化和自动化,生产率很高,故零件成本低。![](https://public.fangzhenxiu.com/fixComment/commentContent/imgs/1715619649119_pok1v3.jpg?imageView2/0)
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冲压件的结构设计需要遵循形状应尽量简单,最好由直线与圆弧组成,应避免过长的悬臂和窄槽,它们的宽度应大于料厚的两倍;内、外转角处应用圆弧连接,圆角半径应大于料厚的一半;冲孔尺寸不能太小;孔间距离或孔与边缘距离不能太小。![CAE之家](https://public.fangzhenxiu.com/user/2021-07/hdImg_761c653a6bc1979569715c4208d824c01625263566787.jpg?imageView2/0/w/90/h/90)
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