压力容器与管道失效分析和安全评价

摘要：

本文探讨了失效分析和完整性管理对保障压力容器与压力管道安全可靠性的重要性。失效模式主要包括断裂、变形、表面损伤和材料性能退化。失效原因多与运行操作、管理、设计制造、检测维修和外来损伤相关。爆炸分物理和化学两类，前者由物理原因引起，后者由异常化学反应导致。通过爆炸能量估算可区分两种爆炸。这些分析和管理措施对确保压力容器与管道安全至关重要。

压力容器与管道失效分析和安全评价

Failure analysis and integrity management are important technical measures to ensure the safety and reliability of pressure vessels and pipelines. This paper discusses the connotation of failure analysis and integrity management and the relationship between them. It is generally believed that the failure modes of pressure vessels and pressure pipelines mainly include fracture, deformation, surface damage and degradation of material properties.

失效分析和完整性管理是保障压力容器与压力管道安全可靠性的重要技术措施。本文论述了失效分析和完整性管理的内涵和两者之间的关系。一般认为,压力容器与压力管道的失效模式主要包括:断裂、变形、表面损伤和材料性能退化四大类。

A large number of statistical data show that the main failure causes of pressure vessels and pipelines include operation, management, design and manufacture, inspection and maintenance and external damage.

大量统计资料表明，压力容器与管道的主要失效原因包括运行操作、管理、设计制造、检测维修和外来损伤等方面。

There are physical explosions and chemical explosions. Physical explosion refers to the physical cause (temperature, pressure) of the container or pipe working stress beyond the ultimate strength. A chemical explosion is a rapid increase in pressure caused by an abnormal chemical reaction. It is usually caused by the mixture of flammable gas and air reaching the limit of explosive range, or exothermic chemical reaction out of control. The two can be distinguished by estimating the energy of the explosion.

爆炸分为物理爆炸和化学爆炸。物理爆炸是指物理原因（温度、压力）使容器或管道的工作应力超过极限强度。化学爆炸是指异常化学反应使压力急剧增加引起的。一般是由于可燃性气体与空气的混合达到了爆炸极限范围，或是放热化学反应失控。两者可以通过爆炸能量的估算进行区分。