双离合式自动变速器DCT结构与原理
双离合自动变速器(Double Clutch Transmission, DCT)是AMT基础上的集成创新。
DCT可以简单类比为是电子控制两套离合器总成的手动变速器,在整个换挡期间能确保最少有一组齿轮在输出动力,从而不会出现AMT换挡动力中断的状况。双离合自动变速器分为干式DCT和湿式DCT两种。干式的DCT采用风冷结构,体积紧凑,效率更高,反应灵敏,但离合器片的磨损会相对严重。湿式的DCT采用油冷方式,散热效果好,反应不如干式,但离合器片磨损小。DCT产品面世时间最晚,最大优势在于换挡迅速平顺、效率高、油耗低,是未来重要发展方向之一。但它的制造精度要求高、维修保养成本高,稳定性仍有待提高。2002年大众汽车首次展示了DCT技术,许多厂商也都开始研发双离合变速器,包括大众DSG,三菱SST,保时捷PDK,宝马DKG,福特和沃尔沃Powershift, 奥迪S-Tronic等。DCT是目前主流自主品牌整车厂变速器研发主攻方向。DCT自动变速器具有换挡平顺速度快,效率高且油耗低的优势,是来来主要发展趋势,不足之处是制造精度要求高、维修保养成本高,应用时间不如AT,稳定性有待提高。国内道路拥堵严重, DCT车型需要频繁切换档位,湿式DCT更加适合中国道路。2012年大众装配DSG系列的车型频被投诉,主要原因即是干式DCT不适合中国道路状况。国内大众、福特和通用等美德系车均有大量DCT配置车型, 自主品牌车厂也在着力自主开发并实现应用,比亚迪速锐S6、长安新CS15、荣威RX5等品牌的自动挡车型均采用DCT自动变速器。![](https://public.fangzhenxiu.com/fixComment/commentContent/imgs/1686758364692_q0y1ug.jpg?imageView2/0)
DCT自动变速器结构图
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2020年国产品牌自动变速器市场空间合计约500亿元。预计到2020年自动变速车型中AT和DCT将占主流,各占40%, CVT占比约17%, AMT占约3%。假设2020年国内乘用车产量3000万辆, 自动变速器车型对应2000万辆,其中AT、DCT、CVT和AMT的总需求量大约为800/800/350/50万台,国内品牌变速器渗透率分别达到15%、50%、20%和80%,需求量约为120/400/70/40万台,则对应市场空间分别为120/320/56/16亿元,合计约500亿元。
作者:山东交通学院 陈德阳
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首次发布时间:2023-06-14
最近编辑:1年前