1
研究背景及目的
体外仿生肺模型在肺部疾病机制研究、新型药物筛选及冠状病毒防治上都具有广阔的应用前景。目前,肺模型的构建策略主要包括:动物模型、二维细胞培养、肺芯片模型和肺类器官模型。虽然已有模型可一定程度模拟肺部细胞组成和生理活动,但在肺泡尺寸、囊状形态的构建和细胞组成的复杂度上仍然与体内有较大差异。针对上述问题,本研究提出一种基于可降解水凝胶微球3D打印构建仿生肺泡模型的方法。
图1 肺泡模型的设计理念和构建过:(a) 人类肺泡组织示意图, (b) 基于新型打印技术的模型构建流程
2
论文亮点
1.开发了基于交变滞惯力3D打印可降解水凝胶微球工艺;
2.基于逐层微囊和核心液化,构建了囊壳结构,实现了类肺泡的200–250 μm囊状结构构建;
3.三种细胞在表面改性的囊壳状结构上显示出较高的接种率与增殖性,实现含多细胞组成的仿生肺泡模型构建;
4.3D打印的体外肺泡模型给出明显毒物(戊二醛)响应。
图2 海藻酸钠微球的囊壳化和核心液化: (a) 逐层微囊化及核心液化的路线,(b) 每一步微囊化处理后的结构形态,比例尺:200 μm, (c) 囊壳化结构,比例尺:50 μm, (d) 液化核心中红色荧光颗粒的位移
图3 多细胞在微囊结构上的粘附和存活,比例尺:200μm
3
试验方法
4
结果
基于交变滞惯力驱动的3D打印技术实现了海藻酸钠微滴的稳定打印。打印过程中发现,随着打印喷头口径的增加,获得的微滴尺寸也逐渐增大。并确定使用口径180 μm的打印喷头时,可获得直径230.927 ± 19.090 μm的水凝胶微球,与体内肺泡真实尺寸接近。
逐层微囊和核心液化的方式可形成稳定的囊状结构。基于海藻酸钠和壳聚糖的电性吸附,在微球表面逐层交替形成多层壳结构。进一步使用柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡,使中心的微球液化获得具有核心液化的微胶囊结构。预混在微球中的红色荧光颗粒在核心液化处理后产生了明显位移,证明了海藻酸钠微球的成功液化,形成了有流动性的核心和厚度为4.152 ± 0.388 μm的囊壳结构。之后对囊状水凝胶微胶囊进行表面处理,发现预混合胶原的方法可增强微胶囊表面的细胞粘附。
在优化的表面处理方式下,接种多细胞并进行共培养,最终形成了仿生囊状肺泡结构,活死染色结果也显示出结构上的细胞保持了较高的存活率。最后,基于仿生肺泡模型进行戊二醛毒性测试, 获得LD50值为387.37 ng/ml,符合美国环保局提供的参考范围。
图4 基于肺泡模型的戊二醛毒性反应曲线
5
结论
本研究提出基于可降解水凝胶微球构建肺泡模型的研究策略,通过交变滞惯力驱动的3D打印技术获得了直径约230 μm的水凝胶微球,确定了适于细胞粘附的表面处理方案与共培养条件;进一步通过逐层凝聚技术和核心液化分别获得表面囊壳和液化的核心结构,共同构成水凝胶微胶囊结构,并通过优化表面处理方案,实现了多种细胞在胶囊上的接种与共培养,成功构建了含多细胞组成、具有可比拟真实肺泡尺寸(直径约230 μm)囊状结构、内皮化的体外三维肺泡模型;最后基于构建的肺泡模型进行了相关生物学评价及毒物测试,结果显示多种细胞在打印构建的肺泡模型中保持了较高的细胞活性,使用戊二醛进行的毒性测试证明了该三维肺泡模型可用于毒物评价。
6
前景与应用
未来将进一步打印组装的单个肺泡模型,有望实现更大尺度的体外肺组织模型其气血屏障构建。在模型应用上,除液体毒物外,可将进一步开展针对有毒气体、有害液体、颗粒物和气溶胶的毒物评价,并进一步探究构建模型的相关生物学表达,开展更深层的毒理学、病理学、药理学研究。
团队带头人介绍
作者介绍
团队研究方向
生物/细胞3D打印先进制造装备与技术的研发、生物墨水研发及体外生物功能结构体构建、体内病损组织修复与再生医学研究、基于干细胞及组织/器官芯片的体外微生理系统模型构建与药物研究等。
近年团队发表文章
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398820985515
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[9]Jianyu He, Yuan Pang#, Huayu Yang, et al. Modular assembly–based approach of loosely packing co-cultured hepatic tissue elements with endothelialization for liver tissue engineering. Annals of Translational Medicine, 2020, 8(21): 1400.
[10]Mao, Shuangshuang, Pang, Yuan, Yang, Huayu, Xie, Feihu;Mao, Yilei, Sun, Wei,Bioprinting of patient-derived in vitro cholangiocarcinoma tumor model : establishment, evaluation and anti-cancer drug testing , Biofabrication, 12 (2020) 045014
[11]Mao, Shuangshuang, Pang, Yuan, Liu, Tiankun, Shao, Yongchun, He, Jianyu, Yang, Huayu, Mao, Yilei, Sun, Wei, Bioprinting of In Vitro Tumor Models for Personalized Cancer Treatment : A Review , Biofabrication 12 (2020) 042001
[12]Jingyuan Ji, Yuan Pang, Stephanie Sutoko, Yohei Horimoto, Wei Sun, Toshiki Niino, Yasuyuki Sakai, Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Polyglycolic Acid Modules with Canals as Tissue Elements in Cellular-Assembly Technology." Applied Sciences 10.11 (2020): 3748.
[13]Zhao, Chenjia, Zitong Wang, Chen Hua, Jingyuan Ji, Zhenzhen Zhou, Yongcong Fang, Ding Weng, Lu Lu, Yuan Pang, and Wei Sun. 2020. Design, Modeling and 3D Printing of a Personalized Cervix Tissue Implant with Protein Release Function. Biomedical Materials 15 (4): 45005
[14]Sun W, Starly B, Daly AC, Burdick JA, Groll J, Skeldon G, Shu W, Sakai Y, Shinohara M, Nishikawa M, Jang J, Cho DW, Nie M, Takeuchi S, Ostrovidov S, Khademhosseini A, Kamm RD, Mironov V, Moroni L, Ozbolat IT, The bioprinting roadmap, Biofabrication. 2020 Feb 6,12(2): 022002.
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[16]Huayu Yang, Lejia Sun, Yuan Pang, Dandan Hu, Haifeng Xu, Shuangshuang Mao, Wenbo Peng, Yanan Wang, Yiyao Xu, Yongchang Zheng, Shunda Du, Haitao Zhao, Tianyi Chi, Xin Lu, Xinting Sang, Shouxian Zhong, Xin Wang, Hongbing Zhang, Pengyu Huang, Wei Sun, Yilei Ma, Three-dimensional Bioprinted Hepatorganoids Prolongs the Survival of Mice with Liver Failure ,GUT, 2020, 0: 1–8.
[17]Xie, Feihu, Sun, Lejia, Pang, Pang, Xu, Gang, Jin, Bao, Xu, Haifeng, Lu, Xin, Xu, Yiyao, Du, Shunda, Wang, Yanan, Feng, Shi, Sang, Xinting, Zhong, Shouxian, Wang, Xin, Sun, Wei, Zhao, Haitao, Zhang, Hongbing, Yang, Huayu, Huang, Pengyu, Mao, Yilei, Three-dimensional bio-printeing of primary human hepatocellular carcinoma for personalized medicine, Biomaterials, 265 (2021), 120416.
来源:机械工程学报