1 引言
Haines and Terbrugge (1991)[Preliminary estimation of rock slope stability using rock mass classification system]提出的边坡角确定方法根据根据MRMR值和边坡高度来确定边坡角,这个图分为三个区域:确定区,边界区和需要进一步分析区。
多年来这种方法在非洲、澳大利亚和南美洲的矿山中得到了成功应用,Stacey在最近的一篇回顾性文章中[Stacey T. R.(2022) Principal Considerations in Rock Engineering Practice and Contributions from Africa]指出使用这个图预测的边坡角与使用现代先进的数值模拟方法预测的边坡角相差甚小,这显示出这种方法的有效性和实用性【非洲采矿岩石力学的传奇人物---Dr. Thomas Stacey】 。不过值得注意的是这种方法仅适用于深度小于300m的边坡,大于300m的边坡还没有太多的案例来验证。
(1) 原岩强度(Intact Rock Strength) UCS=50MPa,推得R1=6
(2) 节理间距或断裂频率(Joint Spacing/RQD/Fracture Frequency) FF=8, 推得R2=11
(3) 节理条件、粗糙度JRC【极限平衡分析中Barton-Bandis 模型的输入参数】和水。岩体描述为湿(damp),基本分数为40%,考虑JRC的值,推得R3=40*(0.8*0.9*1.0*0.75)=21.6
(4) RMR=R1+R2+R3=6+11+21.6=38.6
(5) 调节RMR值,风化取0.86,节理数(3组节理)取0.8,应力取1.0,爆破取0.94,因此调节系数f=0.86*0.8*1.0*0.94=0.65
(6) MRMR=RMR*f=38.6*0.65=25
(7) 边坡角sa=(MRMR/2)+30=(25/2)+30=42.5°
除了大量的引用之外,提出这种经验方法的第一作者Haines(SRK Consulting)随后对采矿边坡稳定性进行了持续的研究(Haines, A.txt),主要包括:
(1984) Design of large underground openings in rock - an integrated approach. Proc. Seminar on Design and Construction of Large Underground Openings
(1991) Preliminary estimation of rock slope stability using rock mass classification systems
(1993) Rock Slope classification for the optimal design of monitoring networks
(2002) Review of Slope Stability and Associated Mining Geotechnical Conditions at the Tarkwa Open Pit Operations, Ghana
(2006) Design Considerations For The Damang Open-pit Expansion
(2007) Obtaining appropriate design parameters for slopes in weathered saprolites