1 引言
脆性岩体的断裂传播过程是过去二十年岩石力学一个重要的研究方向,使用Voronoi多边形模拟是其中的一种途径,大量的研究使用了UDEC和3DEC内置的Voronoi模型,近期的研究结合了离散断裂网络DFN和合成岩体SRM。相比之下,在有限元方法中合并Voronoi的研究比较少见。这个笔记简要描述了有限元软件RS2中Voronoi的实现方法。
2 Voronoi文献聚合
无论是离散元还是有限元,Voronoi的工作机理基本相同,即当超过块体之间的连接强度时,岩石就会发生 "断裂",块体之间的连接强度用法向刚度kn和切线刚度ks来表示。
通过对GeotechSet数据集进行初步聚合,下面的子集中包含了Voronoi。可以看出,目前Voronoi模型主要应用在SRM和岩桥的研究中。
3 RS2中的Voronoi
在RS2中,Voronoi的密度用单位面积上的块体数目来表示。显然,密度越大,划分的块体数目越大。下面两个图分别是密度为2和4产生的Voronoi多边形。
Voronoi Density = 2
Voronoi Density = 4
在RS2中,节理的张开和闭合使用节理端部条件(Joint End Condition)设置。如果设置节理端部是张开(Open)的,能够模拟类似UDEC中块体的分离。如下图所示,左右的图形节理端部是Open的,右边的图形节理端部是闭合(Close)的。
5 参考文献
[1] Norouzi, S., Baghbanan. , A., and Khani, A. (2013). Investigation of Grain Size Effects on Micro/Macro-Mechanical Properties of Intact Rock Using Voronoi Element - Discrete Element Method Approach. Particulate Science and Technology, 31(5), 507-514.
[2] Gao, F. Q. and D. Stead (2014). "The application of a modified Voronoi logic to brittle fracture modelling at the laboratory and field scale." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 68(0): 1-14.
[3] L.J. Lorig, A.D. Watson, C.D. Martin and D.P. Moore (2009). Rockslide run-out prediction from distinct element analysis, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Vol. 4, 17-25.
[4] Fabjan, T., et al. (2015). "Numerical Simulation of Intact Rock Behaviour Via the Continuum and Voronoi Tessellation Models: A Sensitivity Analysis." Acta Geotechnica Slovenica 12(2): 4-23.
[5] R.E. Hammah, T. Yacoub and J.H. Curran (2009) Variation of Failure Mechanisms of Slopes in Jointed Rock Masses with Changing Scale. ROCKENG09: Proceedings of the 3rd CANUS Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, May 2009 (Ed: M. Diederichs and G. Grasselli)
[6] Makedonska, N., et al. (2015). "Particle tracking approach for transport in three-dimensional discrete fracture networks Particle tracking in 3-D DFNs." Computational Geosciences 19(5): 1123-1137.
[7] Sinha, S. and G. Walton (2019). "Understanding continuum and discontinuum models of rock-support interaction for excavations undergoing stress-induced spalling." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 123.
[8] Spreafico, M. C., et al. (2017). "An investigation into the development of toppling at the edge of fractured rock plateaux using a numerical modelling approach." Geomorphology 288: 83-98.
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