1 引言
Ubiquitous节理岩体模拟最初在FLAC中引入,Sainsbury等人(2008)在SRM中使用了UJRM,从而在FLAC3D模型中考虑了岩体强度和各向异性, 能够研究完整岩石内聚力的逐渐减弱和Ubiquitous节理破坏, [Sainsbury, B. et al. (2008) Analysis of cave behaviour using a Synthetic Rock Mass (SRM) – Ubiquitous Joint Rock Mass (UJRM) modelling technique.],他们的方法与Pierce等人(2007)和Mas Ivars等人(2008)的方法不同,没有使用PFC3D,而是用FLAC3D评估来自较小模型模拟的岩体属性。Lavoie(2011) 提出了一个UJRM的解析解[Thierry Lavoie (2011) An Analytical Geomechanical Upscaling Approach for Modeling Jointed Rock Mass Behaviour Using Ubiquitous Joints. UBC MS. Thesis. 186p.]。这个笔记简要讨论了ADONIS的Ubiquitous本构模型,并与FLAC/Slope中的Ubiquitous模型作了比较。
2 ADONIS模拟
一个简单的Ubiquitous节理岩体边坡如下图所示。
(1) 项目设置
在项目设置中,主要设置合适的单位和重力加速度。
(2) 网格划分
边坡的几何形状可以在ADONIS内直接输入坐标,选择6节点的三角形单元,最大边长取0.75。
(3) 边界条件
边界使用xyfix命令固定三边,边坡面不能固定。
(4) 材料性质
输入如下的材料参数。
(5) 计算结果
计算的安全系数FOS=1.217, 使用相同的参数,FLAC/Slope计算的安全系数FOS=1.24。下图所示的最大剪应变等值线。
newmodel()
set("unit","stress-pa")
line("startPoint",0,0,"endPoint",52,0)
line("startPoint",52,0,"endPoint",52,20)
line("startPoint",52,20,"endPoint",32,20)
line("startPoint",32,20,"endPoint",20,10)
line("startPoint",20,10,"endPoint",0,10)
line("startPoint",0,10,"endPoint",0,0)
triangle("elemtype","T6")
discretize("maxedge",0.75)
triangle("maxedge",0.75)
set("gravity",0,9.8)
material("create","Ubiquitous-Joint","matid",1,"matname","Jointed Rock","density",2600,"shear",3e+07,"bulk",1e+08,"coh",100000,"fric",40,"jangle",30,"jcoh",5000,"jfric",25)
material("assign","matid",1)
applybc("xyfix","xlim",-0.1,0.1,"ylim",-0.1,10.1)
applybc("xyfix","xlim",51.9,52.1,"ylim",-0.1,20.1)
applybc("xyfix","xlim",-0.1,52.1,"ylim",-0.1,0.1)
solve("fos")
3 FLAC模拟
FLAC/Slope不需要输入材料的体积模量和剪切模量。默认值分别为100MPa和30MPa
Ubiquitous模型扩展到FLAC3D和3DEC中,
zone cmodel assign ubiquitous-joint (FLAC3D)
block zone cmodel assign ubiquitous (3DEC)
在IMASS中,可以使用Ubiquitous Joint(UJ)来表示软弱夹层。这体现在如下三个模型中:
Ubiquitous-Joint Model
Bilinear Strain-Hardening Ubiquitous-Joint Model
Bilinear Strain-Softening Ubiquitous-Joint Model