《利用区块链赋能数字孪生体应用》的翻译和简评

来源：数字孪生体实验室原创

翻译和简评：丁杰

As indicated above, digital twins are the digital versions of physicalobjects. In addition, digital twins comprise the details of the physicalobjects' surroundings or processes related to them. That means, digital twinsconsist of the relevant IT components for status updates and connectivity. Theyare also stuffed with defined data structures and user interfaces to facilitateknowledge visualization through 360-degree dashboards.

如上所述，数字孪生体是物理实体对象的数字版本。此外，数字孪生体封装了物理实体对象周围环境或与之相关的过程的详细信息，这意味着数字孪生体包含用于状态更新和连接的相关IT组件，并且还配合有定义的数据结构和用户界面，以便通过360度仪表板进行知识可视化应用。

When you are using your smartphone for your communication, computing, andcollaboration purposes, surfing the Internet using your laptop for knowledgegain, storing your data in cloud environments for affordability, using socialnetworking tools to socialize, ctc., you are actually creating a digitalfootprint of yourself. This digital footprint is a kind of digital twin.Similarly, you can think of digital blueprints for a building as its digitaltwin. A computer simulation of an aircraft engine can be as its digital twin.

当您将智能手机用于通讯、计算和协作目的时；使用笔记本电脑上网以获取知识，并将数据存储在云存储环境中以应用；使用社交网络工具进行社交化等等。这种数字轨迹就是一种数字孪生体模型。类似地，您可以将建筑物的数字蓝图视为其数字孪生体模型，而对飞机发动机的计算机仿真也可以看作是其数字孪生体模型。

Digital twin in the human context is all the data footprint that we ashuman create through our attributes, interactions, and online presence. Thesedecision-enabling elements earnestly get combined with one another and theircombined outputs are getting crunched using advanced and real-time Al and dataanalytics platforms, it is possible to predict our health condition and otherleanings accurately.

人类应用中的数字孪生体是我们人类通过其属性交互而创建的所有数据轨迹，这些决策支持元素相互结合，并且它们的组合输出使用先进的实时技术在人工智能平台上进行处理，可以准确预测我们的健康状况和其他倾向。

• Attributes could be name, age, gender, address, ideology,language, culture, religion, ethnicity, education, salary, etc. These areactually categorized as base data about us as individuals, and these can go along way in predicting whether we are prone to any specific health issue. Wherewe were born and we live lately are also contributing handsomely in arriving atcorrect prediction. All these data are meticulously gathered and storeddigitally. Thus, digital twins are possible for humans also.

  属性可以是姓名、年龄、性别、地址、意识形态、语言、文化、宗教、种族、教育程度、薪水等。这些实际上被归类为关于我们个人的基础数据，所有这些数据都经过精心收集和数字化存储。这些数据对预测我们是否健康，还有很长的路要走。因此，数字孪生体在人类日常生活中应用也是可能的，我们出生和生活的地方对我们容易出现任何特定的健康问题的正确预测做出了巨大贡献。
  

  
  

• Interactions-This is all about our everyday interaction with theworld. The details of where and when we are traveling and our eating out comehandy in precisely predicting our health status. Our health monitoringwearables can minutely capture a number of our body parameters such as fitnessand blood sugar levels, heart-beating rates at different times, etc., anddeposited the captured in our own digital twin. There are other electronicinstruments, digital assistants, and smartphones to automatically monitor andmeasure our everyday movements, exercises, work stress, etc. All these aremeticulously get aggregated and stocked in our own digital twin. In conjunctionwith our unique attributes, digital twin can predict the health stateprediction and prescribe of what to do.

  互动-这是我们与世界日常互动的全部内容，我们在何处旅行、何时旅行以及进餐的细节对于准确预测我们的健康状况都非常有用。我们的健康监测可穿戴设备可以细微记录我们日常生活中的许多身体参数，例如健身和血糖水平、不同时间的心率等，并将采集的数据存储在我们自己的数字孪生体中；还有其他电子仪器、数字助手和智能手机可以自动监视和测量我们的日常运动、锻炼和工作压力等，所有这些实时采集的数据都经过精心收集和存储在我们自己的数字孪生体中，通过与我们独特的属性互动，数字孪生体可以及时预测我们的健康状况和给出建议。

  
  

• Online presence -We have a number of professional and social mediaapplications that ultimately articulate our personality. Thus, human digitaltwins are also gaining prominence. Digital twin for humans can help predict ifsomeone has a possibility to be down with any life-threatening disease. Also,it can help provide insights on changing lifestyle to stay healthy and livelonger.

  日常应用-我们拥有许多专业和社交媒体应用程序，这些应用程序最终体现了我们的个性化需求。因此，人类数字孪生体也日益受到关注。用于人类日常生活中的数字孪生体可以帮助我们预测某人是否有可能死于任何威胁生命的疾病。此外该数字孪生体还有助于提供有关改变人类生活方式以保持健康和更长寿的见解。
  

The digital twin of machines can predict the need for their timely maintenance.Similarly, digital twins help to come out with the next-generation machinedesign that is versatile, resilient, and robust. Precisely speaking, digitaltwins are digital replicas of a business, process, or product over its lifecycle.

数字孪生体机器可以预测其未来维护保养的及时需求；与此类似，数字孪生体机器可以帮助实现多功能、弹性和耐用的下一代机器设计。准确地说，数字孪生体是业务、流程或产品全生命周期中的数字复本。

Digital twins are being meticulously built for physical twins. Softwareexperts begins building futuristic digital twins leveraging their education,experience, and expertise on data science, statistics and mathematics, computeralgorithms, etc. Digital twins' developers deeply research the physics thatunderlie the physical system being mimicked. That information greatly helps tovisualize and develop a mathematical model that elegantly simulates thereal-world physical system. The mathematical model gets turned into softwarepackage to run in the digital space. Maneuvering, managing, and maintainingdigital twins are quite easy and fast. Thus, for adding new features toexisting physical systems, digital twins contribute immensely in identifyingand articulating the pros and cons of incorporating the features. Above all,before building complex and highly integrated systems from the ground up, theirdigital twins come handy in envisaging the impending risks and opportunitiesand in answering the difficult questions. All these acquired knowledge throughdigital twins goes a long way in setting up and sustaining complicated andsophisticated physical systems. Thus, digital twins are being projected ascomplexity-mitigation mechanism.

精心设计的数字孪生体是为物理实体而打造的，软件专家开始利用他们在数据科学、统计学和数学、计算机算法等方面的教育、经验和专业知识，来构建未来的数字孪生体。数字孪生体的开发人员深入研究了被模仿的物理实体系统背后的物理原理，这些信息极大地有助于我们可视化和开发其数学模型，从而优雅地模拟出真实的物理实体系统。数学模型被转换为可在数字空间中运行的软件包，操纵，管理和维护这些数字孪生应用变得非常容易且快速；因此，为向现有物理实体系统添加新功能时，数字孪生体在识别和阐明合并这些新功能的利弊方面做出了巨大贡献。最重要的是，在从头开始构建复杂且高度集成的系统之前，它们的数字孪生体可以帮助预见即将到来的风险和机遇，并回答棘手的问题。通过数字孪生应用获得的所有这些知识在建立和维持复杂的物理实体系统方面大有帮助，因此，数字孪生应用正被视为减轻系统复杂性的机制。

Physical systems like aircraft engines are being embedded with a number ofmultifaceted sensors, which continuously gather a lot of useful information of physicalsystems and pass it on to the digital twin in real time. This empowers the twinto crunch the received data quickly to offer insights (performance, healthcondition, security, failure prediction, etc.) to physical system designers andoperators.

飞机发动机等物理实体系统中嵌入了许多的多面传感器，这些传感器不断收集物理实体系统实际运行中的许多有用信息，并将采集的实时运行数据传递给相应的数字孪生体，从而使数字孪生体能够快速处理接收到的数据并提供给物理实体系统设计者和操作员的见解（性能、健康状况、安全性、故障预测等）。

There is another tweak called as "Predictive twin." This canmodel the future state and behavior of the device. This prediction is derivedbased on historical data from other devices. Predict twins have the inherentcapability to simulate breakdowns and other situations that need immediateattention.

还有另一个称为“预测孪生”的调整，它可以对设备的未来状态和行为进行建模，该预测是基于其他设备的历史数据得出的。预测孪生具有内在的能力来模拟故障和其他需要立即处理的情况和意见。

Microsoft has come out with another term "Process Digital Twin."This is the next level compounding product digital twin benefits throughout thefactory and supply chain. Process twins can highlight some advancedmanufacturing scenarios that product digital twins cannot provide.

微软推出了另一个术语“过程数字孪生”。这是使整个工厂和供应链中的产品数字孪生体的使用价值得到加倍提升。过程孪生可以突出某些产品数字孪生无法提供的先进制造方案。

In summary, the digital twin typically can include a description of thedevices, a 3D rendering, and details on all the sensors embedded in the device.Based on continuously generated sensor readings, the digital twins can simulatereal-life options and operations of the device.

总之，数字孪生体通常可以包括设备的描述、3D渲染以及嵌入在设备中的所有传感器的详细信息，数字孪生体可以基于连续生成的传感器读数来模拟现实生活中的选项和设备的操作。

The aspects of digitization and digitalization are grasping the attentionof enterprising businesses across the world. Digitization is all aboutempowering our everyday objects to be digitized. Digitalization is all aboutderiving digital intelligence out of digital data. The onset of integrated dataanalytics platforms, the faster maturity and stability of artificialintelligence(AI) algorithms, the realization of highly optimized and organizedIT through cloudification, which represents IT industrialization, smartphones,and other I/O devices for enabling IT consumerization, virtualization, andcontainerization under the scope of IT compartmentalization, etc., have laiddown a stimulating and sparkling foundation for the impending digital era.Cities are becoming digitally transformed cities. Similarly, other entitles,such as homes, hotels, hospitals, etc., are being transitioned into digitallytransformed entities. There are a number of digital innovations and disruptionsfulfilling the real digital transformation. Digital life has become the newnormal.

数字化和数字化应用方面正在吸引着全球进取企业的注意力。数字化是为了使我们的日常物品实现数字化，而数字化应用则是从数字数据中获取数字情报。基于人工智能（AI）算法的成熟度和稳定性推动集成数据分析平台的出现，并通过云存储化环境实现高度优化和组织良好的IT，这一切代表了IT工业化应用；智能手机和其他实现IT消费化的I / O设备，虚拟化和IT分区化等范围内的集成化应用为即将到来的数字时代奠定了令人振奋的基础。当前传统城市正在成为数字化转型的城市方向发展，与此类似，其他实体（如房屋、酒店、医院等）也正在逐步转变为数字化转型的应用实体；有许多数字化创新和颠覆的应用帮助我们实现了真正的数字化转型，数字化生活已经成为我们生活的新常态。

The emerging concept of digital twins is one of the transformationaltechnologies toward the realization of digital era. The noteworthy point of anydigital twin is that it can be continuously updated with data from its physicalcounterpart. With trillions of sensors and billons of connected devices,digital twins will be readied and deployed for millions of physical things. Anaircraft engine, a human heart, and an entire city can have its own digitaltwin that mirrors the same physical and biological traits as the real thing.

数字孪生体的新兴概念是实现数字时代的转型技术之一。任何数字孪生体的应用值得注意的一点是，可以使用其物理对应实体的数据对其进行连续更新。借助数以万亿计的传感器和连接的设备，数位孪生体将为数百万的物理实体做好准备和部署。飞机引擎、人的心脏以及整个城市都可以拥有自己的数字孪生体，反映出与真实事物相同的物理和生物特征。

The implications are definitely profound in many ways. Real-timeassessments and diagnostics are now much more precise. Trial and errors, chaosexperiments, and course correction can be easily accomplished through digitaltwins rather than physical twins. Thus, digital twins induce and inspirefaster, cheaper, and clever innovations. Digital twins are to change theinnovation game by enabling three critical drivers.

这些影响肯定在许多方面都具有深远的意义，实时评估和诊断可以比现在更加精确，可以通过数字孪生体而不是物理实体轻松地进行试验、实验试错和航向校正等。因此，数字孪生引发并促进了更快、更便宜、更聪明的创新，数字孪生将通过启用三个关键驱动因素来改变创新游戏。

• Continuousevaluation - Smart sensors being pasted on a product are capable ofcapturing and continuously updating the product's digital twin throughout itslifetime. This empowerment goes a long way for the betterment of the products.Predictive maintenance of products is being achieved. For example, advancedcars are being beneficially endowed through their own digital twin. A slew ofmultifaceted sensors are attached on vehicles to capture the operational valueof each of the important components. That is, vehicles on the road can senddata to their digital twin to do real-time processing to emit out actionableinsights in time. In short, digital twin-enabled vehicles simply enjoy a numberof distinct benefits. The fuel efficiency can go up whereas the vehicleperformance is bound to rise up considerably.

  持续评估-内嵌在产品上的智能传感器能够在产品的整个生命周期内采集实时数据，并不断更新产品的数字孪生体，这种功能大大改善了产品质量，可以对产品进行有计划的维护保养。例如，先进的汽车通过自己的数字孪生系统得到了有益的支持，在车辆上安装了许多的多面传感器，以采集每个重要汽车组件的运行数据，也就是说，路上行驶的车辆可以将实时数据发送到其数字孪生系统以进行实际操作。简而言之，数字孪生汽车可享受许多独特的应用价值，燃油效率可以提高，车辆性能也必将大大提高。

  
  

• Faster and cheaperprototyping-The virtual version of anyphysical system comes handy in producing prototypes easily and quickly. Besidesspeeding up the innovation, the cost of producing physical products comes downsharply. Oklahoma State University developed a digital twin of an aerosol drug,which is intended to reach lung to annihilate tumor cells. By smartly varyingparameters on the digital twin such as inhalation rate and particle size,scientists could clearly increase the number of particles reaching their targetfrom 20% to 90%. There are a number of such promising case studies illustratingthe strategic significance of building and running digital twins.

  更快、更便宜的原型制作-任何物理实体系统的数字孪生体都可以轻松快捷地生产原型，除了加快创新速度外，生产物理实体产品的成本也大大降低了，俄克拉荷马州立大学开发了一种气雾剂药物数字孪生体，旨在到达肺部以消灭肿瘤细胞，通过巧妙地改变数字孪生体的参数（例如吸气率和粒径），科学家可以明显地将达到目标的粒子数量从20％增加到90％。有前途的案例研究说明建立和运营数字孪生体的战略意义。
  

• Uninhibited innovation -As inscribed above, the digital twin paradigm hasunquestionably amplified the innovation quotient. There are companies exploringthe digital twin idea in experimenting and experiencing realistic innovations.Predicting and managing traffic congestion in particular locations are beingmade possible through the leverage of digital twins. SenSat, a companyspecializing in creating digital twins of cities, has created a digital twin ofCambridge, England. All the traffic snarls and hiccups get eliminated from thecity streets.

  无限的创新-如上所述，数字孪生范例无疑扩大了企业创新应用。有一些公司在尝试和体验现实创新中探索了数字孪生体概念。通过利用数字孪生体，可以预测和管理特定位置的交通拥堵，专门创建城市数字孪生体的公司SenSat已创建了英国剑桥的数字孪生体，消除了城市街道令人闹心的交通拥堵现象。
  

As a digital and dynamic model, test scenarios can be performed on it togain a deeper understanding and predict future events. In operation, as thephysical asset undergoes changes, these modifications are being minutely capturedand handed over to the user on a real-time basis. The overall functional roleof a digital twin is three pronged-observation, optimization, and operation.The digital twin technology guarantees to transform the way industrial productsand machineries are being instrumented, implemented, integrated, and operatedacross industries.

作为数字和动态模型，可以对其执行测试场景，以加深了解并预测未来事件。在操作中，随着有形资产的变化，这些修改会被实时捕获并实时移交给用户。数字孪生体的整体功能是三方面的维护、优化和操作，数字孪生技术可确保改变工业产品和机械在整个行业中的仪器、实施、集成和操作方式。

Several business houses are keenly embracing this promising technologyphenomenon in order to be ahead of their competitors in the knowledge-drivenmarket condition. A few of them are given below:

为了在知识驱动的市场环境中领先于竞争对手，一些企业热衷于接受这种有前途的技术现象，以下列出了其中的一些：

• Manufacturing across industry verticals is the first andforemost one leveraging this unique technology in order to automate,accelerate, and augment several things in their day-to-day operations. Newproduct designs are being facilitated while manufacturing processes are beingcontinuously studied and optimized through actionable insights emitted bydigital twins.

  跨行业垂直领域的制造是利用这一独特技术在日常生产运营中实现自动化、加速和扩充的几项首要任务。通过数字孪生体发出的可行见解，在不断研究和优化制造过程的同时，还可以促进新产品设计。

  
  

• Automotive industry is also seriously and sagaciouslyexperimenting with the digital twin conundrum to develop next-generationvehicles. Increasingly cars are already fitted with advanced telemetry sensors,and their readings are continuously fed into digital twins in real time tobring in decisive and deeper automation especially in transitioning fromconnected cars to smart cars.

  汽车行业也正在认真、明智地尝试使用数字孪生技术来解决下一代汽车开发中的难题。越来越多的汽车已经配备了先进的遥测传感器，并且其读数连续不断地实时反馈到数字孪生体中，为汽车驾驶带来决定性的更深层次的自动化应用，尤其是在从互联汽车向智能汽车过渡的过程中。

  
  

• Healthcare is another promising sector tinkeringextensively with the digital twin paradigm. The mission-critical medicalelectronics devices and instruments are being literally empowered through theirdigital replicas, which are being hosted and run in cloud environments. Asthere is a need for large-scale IT resources for aiding big and streaming dataanalytics, cloud centers are being preferred to support and sustain the digitaltwin idea.

  医疗保健是另一个充满希望的应用领域，将在数字孪生范例中大放异彩，如医疗保健过程中关键任务之一医疗电子设备和仪器诊断是通过在云端环境中托管和运行的数字副本授权实施的。

There are band- aid-like sensors beingused for tracking various body parameters. The captured health data istransmitted to digital twins, which can quickly crunch the received data andpredict if there is any important information with the person's health. Digitaltwins can be used to predict different outcomes based on variable data. Inmanufacturing, with highly instrument devices, the digital twins can simulateand showcase how the devices have performed over time. With such capability,digital twins can easily predict the device performance in future. Similarly,the failure prediction also can be done. With the explosion of loT devices andsensors/CPS, the popularity of digital twins goes up considerably.

像创可贴一样的传感器被用来追踪人们各种身体参数，采集的健康数据被传输到数字孪生体，数字孪生体可以快速处理接收到的数据并预测是否有与人体健康有关的重要信息。在制造过程中，具有高性能的设备，数字孪生体可以模拟并展示设备随时间推移的性能；借助这种能力，数字孪生体可以轻松预测未来的设备使用性能；同样，也可以进行故障预测。物联网设备和传感器/ CPS的爆炸式增长，使得数字孪生技术应用的普及率大大提高。

Digital twins of windmills can supportpredictive maintenance. Sensor and camera data from mission-criticalestablishments such as nuclear installations, wind parks and power plantsensure continuous surveillance. Further on, digital twins can proactively andpreemptively alert the concerned if there is any nefarious action in and aroundwalled and essential zones. Specialized sensors are being used in cars inplenty these days. There is a statistical information saying that every singlesophisticated car involves hundreds of microcontrollers. Increasinglyinfotainment systems inside any vehicle act as the lo T gateway for takingsensor data to the digital twin to be instantaneously processed to take quickcorrective action. The loT dream is being facilitated through state-of-the-artdigital twins. For the connected world, the next logical step is to leveragedigital twins adroitly to move toward the projected smart world.

风车的数字孪生体可以支持预测性维护。来自关键任务场所（例如核设施、风电场和发电厂）的传感器和摄像机数据可确保其持续监控。此外，如果在风车运行基本区域内或周围有任何破坏性的行为，数字孪生体可以主动和先发制人地向有关人员发出警报。如今，专用传感器已在汽车中大量使用，据统计信息表明，每一辆精密汽车都包含数百个微控制器，任何车辆中越来越多的信息娱乐系统都充当了物联网网关，可将传感器数据即时传输到数字孪生网络。经过处理，可以采取迅速的纠正措施，通过最先进的数字孪生推动了物联网梦想；对于互联世界，下一个合乎逻辑的步骤是明智地利用数字孪生体向计划中的智能世界迈进。

In summary, a digital twin is a dynamicand digital representation of a physical system. A digital blueprint of a houseor building can be its digital twin. Similarly, a computer-aided simulation ofan automobile transmission system can be considered as a digital twin. Inshort, things are increasingly becoming complex. Not only visualizing andbuilding but also operating complicated systems has become a tough andtime-consuming affair. There are a number of complexity-mitigation techniquesand tips. The proven technique of "Divide and conquer" has been thehallmark for software engineering. Modeling, process-centricity, and simulationare the other key methods enabling the construction of complex systems acrossthe industry verticals. With the advancements in the AI space, empoweringsystems to self-learn and adapt has gained prominence. Digital twins are alsobeing portrayed as one of the pure and sure ways to tackle the increasingcomplexity of systems and their functioning.

总而言之，数字孪生体是物理实体系统的动态和数字化表示。房屋或建筑物的数字化设计图可以是其数字孪生体模型，类似地，汽车传动系统的计算机辅助模拟也可以视为数字孪生体模型。简而言之，事情逐渐变得复杂，不仅要进行可视化和构建，而且要操作复杂的系统都变得困难而费时。有许多缓解系统复杂性的技术和技巧，成熟的“分治法”技术（WBS分解）一直是软件工程的标志。建模，以过程为中心和仿真是在整个行业垂直领域构建复杂系统的其他关键方法。随着AI空间的发展，使系统能够自学和适应的能力日益突出。数字孪生技术也被发展为解决系统及其功能日益复杂的纯正方法之一。