【新文速递】2025年3月28日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章

今日更新：International Journal of Solids and Structures 1 篇，Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1 篇，International Journal of Plasticity 3 篇，Thin-Walled Structures 6 篇International Journal of Solids and StructuresA computationally efficient hybrid formulation for viscoelastic-viscoplastic polymer solids and structures under large numbers of loading cyclesDarith Anthony Hun, Mohamed Haddad, Issam Doghri, Georgios Tsilimidos, Michael Lackner, Zoltan Major, Leonhard Doppelbauer, Sara Haoualadoi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113290一种计算效率高的粘弹粘塑性聚合物固体和结构在大量加载循环下的混合公式The numerical simulation of the high cycle response of solids and structures made of thermoplastic polymers is challenging because those materials exhibit a complex viscoelastic-viscoplastic (VEVP) behavior and even under large numbers of loading cycles, they continue to dissipate energy and feature a frequency dependent response. On the one hand classical simplified methods based on linear elasticity are not applicable, and on the other hand direct structural analyses with VEVP material models are so computationally prohibitive that they are not possible in practice. In this article, a computationally efficient hybrid formulation is proposed. The structure is first computed as being purely VE, using a recently proposed formulation based on Laplace-Carson transform (LCT) and its numerical inversion, and enabling to compute accurate strain and stress fields at a very reduced cost, which is also independent of the number of cycles. Next, the VEVP solution at any points of interest is computed with a time homogenization formulation which uses fast and slow time scales and asymptotic time expansions to compute complete solutions at extremely limited cost. An experimentally identified TPU material and a 3D lattice are used for the numerical simulations. Predictions of the hybrid formulation are compared against reference VEVP solutions and their accuracy verified. Numerical simulations for one million cycles are presented and the low computational cost of the hybrid formulation illustrated. The underlying assumptions of the hybrid formulation linking the VE results with the VEVP calculations are discussed. The proposal lays the foundation for the time and space multiscale modeling and simulation of the high cycle fatigue of thermoplastic solids and structures.热塑性聚合物固体和结构的高周期响应的数值模拟具有挑战性，因为这些材料表现出复杂的粘弹粘塑性（VEVP）行为，即使在大量的加载循环下，它们仍会继续耗散能量，并具有频率相关的响应。一方面，基于线弹性的经典简化方法不适用，另一方面，基于VEVP材料模型的直接结构分析在计算上令人望而却步，在实践中是不可能的。本文提出了一种计算效率高的混合公式。该结构首先被计算为纯粹的VE，使用最近提出的基于拉普拉斯-卡森变换（LCT）及其数值反演的公式，能够以非常低的成本计算精确的应变和应力场，这也与循环次数无关。接下来，使用时间均匀化公式计算任何兴趣点的VEVP解，该公式使用快速和慢速时间尺度以及渐近时间展开式以极有限的成本计算完全解。采用实验确定的TPU材料和三维晶格进行数值模拟。混合配方的预测与参考VEVP溶液进行了比较，并验证了其准确性。给出了一百万次循环的数值模拟，并说明了混合配方的低计算成本。讨论了将VE结果与VEVP计算联系起来的混合公式的基本假设。为热塑性固体及结构高周疲劳的时空多尺度建模与仿真奠定了基础。Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of SolidsConvex neural networks learn generalized standard material modelsMoritz Flaschel, Paul Steinmann, Laura De Lorenzis, Ellen Kuhldoi:10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106103凸神经网络学习广义标准材料模型We propose Generalized Standard Material Networks, a machine learning framework based on convex neural networks for learning the mechanical behavior of generalized standard materials. The theory of these materials postulates the existence of two thermodynamic potentials, the Helmholtz free energy density and the dissipation rate density potential, which alone determine the constitutive material response with guaranteed thermodynamic consistency. We parameterize the two potentials with two artificial neural networks and, due to a specifically designed network architecture, we satisfy by construction all the needed properties of the two potentials. Using automatic differentiation, an implicit time integration scheme and the Newton–Raphson method, we can thus describe a multitude of different material behaviors within a single unified overarching framework, including elastic, viscoelastic, plastic, and viscoplastic material responses with hardening. By probing our framework on the synthetic data generated by five benchmark material models, we demonstrate satisfactory prediction accuracy to unseen data and a high robustness to noise. In this context, we observe a non-uniqueness of thermodynamic potentials and discuss how this affects the results of the training process. Finally, we show that a carefully chosen number of internal variables strikes a balance between fitting accuracy and model complexity.我们提出广义标准材料网络，这是一个基于凸神经网络的机器学习框架，用于学习广义标准材料的力学行为。这些材料的理论假定存在两个热力学势，即亥姆霍兹自由能密度和耗散率密度势，这两个势单独决定了本构材料的响应，并保证了热力学一致性。我们用两个人工神经网络来参数化这两个电位，并且由于一个特殊设计的网络结构，我们通过构造来满足这两个电位的所有需要的性质。使用自动微分、隐式时间积分方案和牛顿-拉夫森方法，我们可以在一个统一的总体框架内描述多种不同的材料行为，包括弹性、粘弹性、塑性和粘塑性材料的硬化响应。通过对五个基准材料模型生成的合成数据进行探索，我们证明了对未见数据的令人满意的预测精度和对噪声的高鲁棒性。在这种情况下，我们观察到热力学势的非唯一性，并讨论这如何影响训练过程的结果。最后，我们表明精心选择的内部变量数量在拟合精度和模型复杂性之间取得了平衡。International Journal of PlasticitySimulation of fracture behaviors in hydrogenated zirconium alloys using a crystal plasticity coupled phase-field fracture modelX.D. Zan, X. Guo, G.J. Wengdoi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104304 用晶体塑性耦合相场断裂模型模拟氢化锆合金断裂行为Zirconium (Zr) alloys are widely used as fuel cladding materials in nuclear reactors; however, the formation of hydride precipitates within these alloys during service significantly reduces their ductility. The effects of hydrides on the fracture behavior of Zr alloys, particularly the role of misfit strain induced by hydride precipitation, remains inadequately understood. Additionally, there is a lack of robust mesoscale models to accurately describe the failure mechanisms of hydrogenated Zr alloys. In response, we develop a crystal plasticity coupled phase-field fracture model that accounts for the evolution of dislocation density, the degradation of critical energy release rate, and the coupling effects between plasticity and damage. The model is employed to investigate the effects of misfit strain induced by hydride precipitation, hydride orientation, and hydride volume fraction on the fracture behavior of hydrogenated Zr alloys. The study also explores the underlying microscopic fracture mechanisms in detail. The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively captures the influences of hydrides on the ductility of Zr alloys. Specifically, an increase in hydride volume fraction leads to a significant reduction in the ductility and toughness of Zr alloys. The microscopic fracture characteristics of hydrogenated Zr alloys differ significantly between those containing circumferential and radial hydrides, resulting in substantially lower ductility and toughness in samples with radial hydrides under the same conditions. Most importantly, our simulations reveal that misfit strain induced by hydride precipitation is an indispensable factor leading to hydrogen embrittlement in Zr alloys. This research provides valuable insights into the failure mechanisms of hydrogenated Zr alloys and offers a powerful tool for accurately modeling their fracture behavior.锆（Zr）合金在核反应堆中广泛用作燃料包壳材料；然而，这些合金在使用过程中形成的氢化物沉淀会大大降低其延展性。氢化物对Zr合金断裂行为的影响，特别是由氢化物析出引起的失配应变的作用，仍然没有得到充分的了解。此外，缺乏可靠的中尺度模型来准确描述氢化Zr合金的失效机制。为此，我们建立了晶体塑性耦合相场断裂模型，该模型考虑了位错密度的演化、临界能量释放率的退化以及塑性与损伤之间的耦合效应。采用该模型研究了氢化物析出引起的失配应变、氢化物取向和氢化物体积分数对氢化Zr合金断裂行为的影响。该研究还详细探讨了潜在的微观断裂机制。结果表明，该模型有效地反映了氢化物对Zr合金塑性的影响。具体来说，氢化物体积分数的增加导致Zr合金的延展性和韧性显著降低。氢化Zr合金的微观断裂特征与含有径向氢化物的合金有显著差异，导致在相同条件下含有径向氢化物的合金的塑性和韧性明显降低。最重要的是，我们的模拟表明，氢化物析出引起的失配应变是导致Zr合金氢脆的不可缺少的因素。该研究为氢化Zr合金的失效机制提供了有价值的见解，并为准确模拟其断裂行为提供了有力的工具。The quantitative evaluation of the plasticity of Nb/amorphous CuNb nanolayered thin films by micro-pillar compressions and micro-indentations as well as their correlationFeng Qin, Yaodong Wang, Jie Chen, Shaohua Chen, Jianjun Lidoi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104294 用微柱压缩和微压痕定量评价Nb/无定形CuNb纳米层薄膜的塑性及其相关性Micro-indentation (MI) tests have been widely used to investigate the deformation of nanolayered metallic films (NMFs) due to the convenience, simplicity and low cost. However, MI is unable to directly provide a quantitative information on the plasticity of the NMFs because of the complex 3-D stress state. Here, a combinational approach is proposed to address the above critical issue, in which systematic micro-pillar (MC) tests has been first conducted to investigate the strength and plasticity of Nb/amorphous CuNb NMFs with layer thicknesses of 100 nm, 40 nm and 5 nm. Then, an effective strain based theoretical model has been developed to derive a homogeneous deformation strain (HDS) by distinguishing the shear banding-induced strain localization region from the non-localized one for the MI-induced 3-D stress state. The MI-derived HDS can be directly compared with the MC-measured one that is determined as the maximum applied strain without causing shear banding and micro/nano-cracks in the deformed pillars. The results show that the MI-evaluated HDSs are in quantitatively agreement with the MC-measured ones, revealing the best plasticity (i.e., with HDS of 48.5%) in the 40 nm sample. The enhanced plasticity in the 40 nm sample is attributed to the deformation twinning in the Nb layers as revealed by the transmission electron microscopy analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. The above findings demonstrated that the plasticity of NMFs can be quantitatively evaluated by several simple MI tests with the aid of the developed combinational approach, in which the time-consuming and costly MC tests could be avoided.微压痕（MI）试验由于其方便、简单和低成本的特点，被广泛应用于研究纳米金属薄膜的变形。然而，由于纳米材料的三维应力状态复杂，纳米材料的塑性力学特性无法直接提供定量的信息。本文提出了一种解决上述关键问题的组合方法，首先进行了系统的微柱（MC）试验，研究了层厚为100 nm、40 nm和5 nm的Nb/无定形CuNb纳米材料的强度和塑性。然后，建立了一种基于有效应变的理论模型，通过区分剪切带诱导的应变局部化区域和非局部化区域，推导出mi诱导的三维应力状态的均匀变形应变（HDS）。mi导出的HDS可以直接与mc测量的HDS进行比较，从而确定最大施加应变，而不会在变形柱中产生剪切带和微/纳米裂纹。结果表明，mi -评价的HDS与mc -测量的HDS在定量上基本一致，表明40 nm样品的HDS为48.5%，塑性最佳。透射电镜分析和分子动力学模拟表明，40nm样品的塑性增强是由于Nb层的变形孪晶。上述研究结果表明，在开发的组合方法的帮助下，可以通过几个简单的MI测试来定量评估NMFs的塑性，从而避免了耗时且昂贵的MC测试。Extended Minimal State Cells (EMSC): Self-Consistent Recurrent Neural Networks for Rate- and Temperature Dependent PlasticityJulian N. Heidenreich, Dirk Mohrdoi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104305扩展最小状态细胞（EMSC）：速率和温度依赖塑性的自一致递归神经网络Minimal State Cells (MSCs) have successfully overcome the self-consistency and state space issues of standard RNNs when modeling the large deformation response of solids. However, in case of rate- and temperature-dependent materials, MSC-based stress predictions still suffer from instabilities when refining the input path discretization. To resolve this issue, we develop an extended minimal state cell (EMSC) which provides self-consistent predictions irrespective of the type of material. Similar to the original MSC model, the EMSC decouples the number of state variables from fitting parameters, allowing a minimal number of state variables for high physical interpretability without compromising expressivity. The EMSC is trained and validated using 1D and 3D random walk datasets generated with micro-mechanical models of composites, basic rheological models, advanced thermo-visco-plasticity theories, as well as rate- and temperature-dependent von Mises, Hill’48, and Yld2000-3d models. It is demonstrated that compact EMSC models with less than 25,000 parameters and the same number of state variables as their physics-based counterparts provide accurate predictions of the large deformation response of all materials. With its minimal state space, compact parameter space, high expressivity, and computational stability, the EMSC is a promising candidate for surrogate modeling, in particular for materials for which reliable micromechanical models are available to generate rich training data.最小状态细胞（MSCs）在模拟固体的大变形响应时成功地克服了标准rnn的自一致性和状态空间问题。然而，对于速率和温度相关的材料，基于msc的应力预测在细化输入路径离散化时仍然存在不稳定性。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个扩展的最小状态电池（EMSC），它提供了自一致的预测，而不管材料的类型。与最初的MSC模型类似，EMSC将状态变量的数量与拟合参数解耦，在不影响表达性的情况下，允许最小数量的状态变量实现高物理可解释性。EMSC使用复合材料微观力学模型、基本流变模型、先进的热粘塑性理论以及速率和温度依赖的von Mises、Hill ' 48和Yld2000-3d模型生成的1D和3D随机漫步数据集进行训练和验证。结果表明，具有少于25,000个参数和相同数量的状态变量的紧凑EMSC模型可以准确预测所有材料的大变形响应。EMSC具有最小的状态空间、紧凑的参数空间、高表达能力和计算稳定性，是替代建模的一个有前途的候选者，特别是对于那些可靠的微力学模型可用来生成丰富的训练数据的材料。Thin-Walled StructuresTheoretical, experimental and numerical studies of a novel tension-compression bolt (TCB) for single-sided beam-column jointsYulong Feng, Cheng Han, Wensu Chendoi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113172单面梁柱节点新型拉压螺栓（TCB）的理论、试验和数值研究Single-sided beam-column joints can minimize damage to the floor slab by avoiding the opening at the top flange. However, they face the challenge of limited restorative capacity, as unidirectional self-centering components cannot effectively resist both opening and closing actions at the bottom flange. Therefore, this study proposes a novel tension-compression bolt (TCB) that is a bidirectional self-centering component. It consists of a high-strength bolt for applying preload, a disc spring set to enhance deformation capacity, and a pair of sleeves that provide tension-compression functionality. In this study, theoretical analysis of the TCB is derived regarding load-displacement relationship and the TCB design process is proposed. After that, experimental study of the TCB is conducted to investigate its tension-compression performance as well as the effects of the disc spring set and sleeve on the performance. In addition, numerical simulations are conducted using detailed and simplified modelling methods for the TCB tests, and the influence of machining inaccuracies on the performance is assessed. Subsequently, a case study of beam-column joints incorporated with the TCB is numerically conducted. The proposed TCB demonstrates an enhanced tension-compression performance with sound energy-dissipating capacity, providing an effective solution for single-sided beam-column joints used in resilient structures to enable rapid restoration of functionality after earthquakes.单面梁柱节点通过避免在顶部翼缘处开孔，可以最大限度地减少对楼板的损伤。然而，单向自定心组件无法有效抵抗底部法兰的开启和关闭作用，因此它们面临着修复能力有限的挑战。因此，本研究提出了一种新型的双向自定心张压螺栓（TCB）。它包括一个用于施加预紧力的高强度螺栓，一个用于增强变形能力的碟形弹簧组，以及一对提供拉伸压缩功能的滑套。本文从载荷-位移关系的角度对TCB进行了理论分析，并提出了TCB的设计流程。在此基础上，对TCB进行了拉压性能实验研究，研究了碟形弹簧组和套筒对TCB拉压性能的影响。此外，采用详细和简化的建模方法对TCB试验进行了数值模拟，并评估了加工精度对性能的影响。随后，对结合TCB的梁柱节点进行了数值分析。提出的TCB具有增强的拉压性能和良好的耗能能力，为弹性结构中使用的单面梁柱节点提供了有效的解决方案，使其能够在地震后快速恢复功能。Novel concrete-filled steel square tubular columns stiffened with semi-circles: Concept and behaviourShuai Li, Faqi Liu, Tak-Ming Chan, Hua Yang, Ben Youngdoi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113188新型半圆加劲方形钢管混凝土柱：概念和性能A novel concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column with semi-circular stiffeners welded in the inner side of the square tube is proposed in this study. The semi-circular stiffeners are developed based on the confinement mechanism in square CFST columns and aim to strengthen the confinement effect on concrete in the whole cross-section area, therefore improving the overall structural performance of the composite columns. The section is also flexible to use different grades of concrete in the core and cell regions. Experimental investigation on axial compressive behaviour of the semi-circle stiffened concrete-filled steel tubular (SCS-CFST) columns was carried out. High strength steel Q690 and two concrete grades C40 and C90 were adopted for the test specimens. Various parameters including steel tube thickness, cross-section slenderness, combination of different concrete grades as well as semi-circular stiffener size were investigated. Results showed that the semi-circular stiffeners were effective resist local buckling of the square tubes. SCS-CFST columns, particularly for those with C40 infilled in the core region and C90 infilled in the cell regions, presented significantly enhanced compressive strength and ductility compared to the corresponding normal unstiffened CFST columns. The applicability of existing design equations in European, American and Chinese standards was evaluated for the novel SCS-CFST columns. A new design approach that could more accurately consider the confinement effect in different regions was proposed and exhibited good performance.本文提出了一种新型钢管混凝土柱，在方管内侧焊接半圆形加强筋。半圆形加筋是基于方钢管混凝土柱的约束机制开发的，旨在加强对混凝土在整个截面上的约束作用，从而提高组合柱的整体结构性能。该部分还可以灵活地在核心和单元区域使用不同等级的混凝土。对钢管混凝土（SCS-CFST）半圆加筋柱轴压性能进行了试验研究。试件采用高强度钢Q690和C40、C90两种混凝土标号。对钢管厚度、截面长细比、不同混凝土级配及半圆加劲筋尺寸等参数进行了研究。结果表明，半圆形加强筋能有效地抵抗方管的局部屈曲。与相应的普通无加筋CFST柱相比，SCS-CFST柱的抗压强度和延性显著提高，特别是在核心区域填充C40和单元区域填充C90的柱。对新型SCS-CFST柱进行了欧美和中国标准设计方程的适用性评估。提出了一种新的设计方法，可以更准确地考虑不同区域的约束效应，并取得了良好的效果。Dynamic response and damage characterization of the clamped plate subjected to underwater explosions with double chargesLele Cheng, Fenglei Huang, Haijun Wu, Ximin Deng, Junhao Youdoi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113177夹紧板水下双装药爆炸动力响应及损伤特性研究Understanding the dynamic responses and damage mechanisms of thin-walled metal structures under complex loading conditions is crucial for the safety of marine vessels. Previous research has predominantly focused on the dynamic response behavior of thin-walled structures under sequentially repeated loads, without considering the damage effects induced by the simultaneous application of multiple loads. This study employs a combination of experimental and numerical approaches to systematically investigate the dynamic responses and damage characteristics of thin-walled steel plates subjected to simultaneous double-charge underwater explosions. The experimental and simulation results reveal that the sustained propagation of transmitted waves in a water-backed environment influences the bubble expansion behavior, resulting in the deformation rebound of the plates. Furthermore, the concave deformations in the plate are aligned along the symmetry plane of the two charges, resulting in the development of a trace line during the deformation process. In addition, the influence of the pre-pierced holes on the plate deflection within the plastic range is negligible. An optimal spacing range for double-charges at a given standoff distance is identified, which results in the maximum plate deflection. These findings provide valuable insights into the damage to thin-walled structures under simultaneous multi-load conditions and offer new perspectives for enhancing protective design in ship engineering.了解复杂载荷条件下薄壁金属结构的动力响应和损伤机理对船舶的安全运行至关重要。以往的研究主要集中在连续重复荷载作用下薄壁结构的动力响应行为，而没有考虑多重荷载同时作用引起的损伤效应。本文采用实验与数值相结合的方法，系统研究了水下双装药同时爆炸作用下薄壁钢板的动力响应与损伤特性。实验和模拟结果表明，在水背景环境中，透射波的持续传播会影响气泡的膨胀行为，从而导致板的变形回弹。此外，板内的凹形变形沿两个电荷的对称面排列，在变形过程中形成一条迹线。此外，在塑性范围内，预穿孔对板挠度的影响可以忽略不计。确定了在给定的距距下双装药的最佳间距范围，使极板挠度达到最大。这些发现为研究同时多载条件下薄壁结构的损伤提供了有价值的见解，并为加强船舶工程中的防护设计提供了新的视角。Design of Short-to-Intermediate Slender Built-up Flanged Cruciform ColumnsJelena Dobrić, Nina Gluhović, Aljoša Filipović, Mileva Samardžić-Petrović, Xiongfeng Ruan, Barbara Rossidoi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113181中短细长组合法兰十字形柱的设计This paper explores the structural behaviour of cold-formed austenitic stainless steel flanged cruciform section columns through a combination of experimental and numerical methods, focusing on the influence of discrete fasteners on their flexural and torsional stiffness. The columns are designed as doubly symmetrical built-up sections, utilizing four star-oriented lipped equal-leg angle profiles interconnected with M8 bolts of class 8.8. Four intermediate slender built-up cruciform section columns, each measuring 2250 mm in length and featuring various fastener arrangements, were tested under semi-rigid support conditions and subjected to pure axial compression. The specimens failed due to a combination of torsional and local buckling. Following the experimental campaign, a parametric study was conducted based on experimentally validated numerical models to investigate key variables such as cross-sectional dimensions, column length, and bolt spacing. The experimental and numerical findings regarding the failure modes of the columns and their corresponding buckling resistances were compared with theoretical predictions. The recently proposed design procedures for carbon steel columns, based on the Direct Strength Method for built-up sections and the established Perry-Robertson design curve for solid cruciform sections, were evaluated. Results indicated that these procedures exhibited insufficient accuracy and significant data scatter, which necessitated modifications for improved predictions. The new design equations enhance accuracy and reliability, laying the groundwork for their potential incorporation into future standards.本文采用实验与数值相结合的方法研究了冷弯奥氏体不锈钢法兰十字形截面柱的结构行为，重点研究了离散紧固件对其弯曲和扭转刚度的影响。柱子被设计成双对称的建筑部分，利用四个星形唇形等腿角轮廓与8.8级M8螺栓相互连接。四根中间细长的十字形截面柱，每根长度为2250毫米，具有各种紧固件配置，在半刚性支撑条件下进行了纯轴向压缩试验。试件的破坏是由于扭转和局部屈曲的共同作用。在实验活动之后，基于实验验证的数值模型进行了参数化研究，以研究横截面尺寸、柱长和螺栓间距等关键变量。对柱的破坏模式及其相应的屈曲抗力进行了实验和数值计算，并与理论预测结果进行了比较。最近提出的设计程序的碳钢柱，基于直接强度法的建筑截面和已建立的佩里-罗伯逊设计曲线的实体十字形截面，进行了评估。结果表明，这些方法的准确性不足，数据分散严重，需要修改以提高预测。新的设计方程提高了准确性和可靠性，为它们可能被纳入未来的标准奠定了基础。Fatigue crack growth behavior of wire arc additively manufactured 316L austenitic stainless steelYangyu Chen, Man-Tai Chen, Ou Zhao, Barbara Rossi, Xiongfeng Ruandoi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113182电弧增材316L奥氏体不锈钢疲劳裂纹扩展行为This study investigated the fatigue crack growth (FCG) performance of 316L austenitic stainless steel produced by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) through fatigue tests and fractographic analyses. A total of 11 compact tension (CT) specimens were designed considering three minimum-to-maximum load ratios (R = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5), various load directions (θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and two surface conditions (milled and as-built). Details of specimen fabrication and design as well as fatigue test setup are presented. The Paris’ law material constants of all specimens were derived. The influences of various parameters on the FCG behavior such as crack length development histories and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) are discussed. The test results demonstrated that the fatigue crack growth rate increased with the load ratio, and that the specimen with θ = 0°, i.e. load parallel to the welding pass, possessed higher FCGR value than the counterparts characterized by other load directions. The as-built and milled specimens had similar FCG performance. The FCG test results of WAAM 316L austenitic stainless steel obtained in this study were compared against those of 316L steels manufactured by traditional hot-rolling and selective laser melting as well as the predictions by current international standards (BS 7910 and IIW-1823-07). The fractographies of typical CT specimens from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives were analyzed. Transgranular fracture was observed as evidenced by abundant fatigue striations, secondary cracks and dimples.通过疲劳试验和断口分析，研究了电弧增材制造316L奥氏体不锈钢的疲劳裂纹扩展性能。考虑三种最小与最大载荷比（R = 0.1、0.3、0.5）、不同载荷方向（θ = 0°、30°、45°、60°、90°）和两种表面状态（铣削和建成），共设计了11个致密拉伸（CT）试件。详细介绍了试样的制作、设计和疲劳试验装置。推导了所有试样的巴黎定律材料常数。讨论了裂纹长度、发展历史和疲劳裂纹扩展速率等参数对FCG性能的影响。试验结果表明，疲劳裂纹扩展速率随加载比增大而增大，且当加载方向为θ = 0°即与焊道平行时，试件的FCGR值高于其他加载方向的试件。成品和铣削试样具有相似的FCG性能。将本研究获得的WAAM 316L奥氏体不锈钢的FCG测试结果与传统热轧和选择性激光熔化316L钢的FCG测试结果以及现行国际标准（BS 7910和iiiw -1823-07）的预测结果进行了比较。从宏观和微观角度分析了典型CT试样的断口形貌。穿晶断裂表现为大量的疲劳条纹、次生裂纹和韧窝。Experimental buckling behavior of steel pallet rack frames stabilized by single-sided spine bracingZhaoqi Huang, Xianzhong Zhao, Shen Yan, Ken S. Sivakumarandoi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113186单侧脊柱支撑稳定钢托盘架的屈曲行为试验Steel pallet rack frames stabilized by single-sided spine bracing are efficient structural systems in that they commonly carry a large number of pallets while utilizing only limited footprints. This research experimentally establishes the global buckling behavior of the steel pallet racks under vertical loads and stabilized by single-sided spine bracing. A total of eight rack frames are involved in the test program. The test setup was designed to achieve realistic loading conditions at all times. The research explicitly considered the various types of commonly used spine bracing configurations and upright frame bracing configurations in industrial practices, and generated comprehensive test data. The experimental observations suggest that the pallet rack frames stabilized by single-sided spine bracing exhibit combined translational and torsional sway motions under vertical loads, and fail by a global three-dimensional buckling of the entire frame. The investigation established that the effectiveness of down-aisle spine bracing is compromised by the rack-to-spine-bracing connections, and the strength of the global rack frame is intertwined with the stabilizing force transfer mechanism between the main rack frame and the spine bracing. The transverse shear stiffness of the upright frames in the cross-aisle direction plays a key role in determining the global torsional performance and strength of the rack frames. Recommendations for the design of pallet racks stabilized by single-sided spine bracing are proposed.由单面脊柱支撑稳定的钢托盘货架框架是有效的结构系统，因为它们通常携带大量的托盘，而仅利用有限的足迹。本文通过试验建立了单侧支撑稳定的托盘架在竖向荷载作用下的整体屈曲行为。测试程序共涉及8个机架框架。测试装置的设计是为了在任何时候都能达到真实的负载条件。本研究明确考虑了工业实践中常用的各类脊柱支撑配置和直立框架支撑配置，并生成了全面的试验数据。实验结果表明，单侧脊柱支撑稳定的托盘货架框架在垂直载荷下表现出平移和扭转的组合摆动运动，并因整个框架的整体三维屈曲而失效。研究表明，下通道脊柱支撑的有效性受到机架与脊柱支撑连接的影响，整体机架的强度与主机架与脊柱支撑之间的稳定力传递机制相互交织。跨通道方向直立架的横向剪切刚度是决定机架整体抗扭性能和强度的关键因素。对单侧支撑稳定托盘架的设计提出了建议。来源：复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM