临界塑性剪切应变 (Critical Plastic Shear Strain)
1. 引言
临界塑性剪切应变(Critical Plastic Shear Strain)的概念对于模拟岩石在应力下的行为至关重要,尤其是在从峰值强度过渡到峰值后强度的过程中,该参数定义了累积的塑性剪切应变,使岩石从其峰值强度状态转变为粘聚力降至零的点,表明其已达到峰值后强度条件。这个概念主要应用在应变软化模型(zone cmodel assign strain-softening)和IMASS模型中(zone cmodel assign imass)中。关键词:[1] Single-Zone Unconfined Compression Test with IMASS Model[2] Multi-Zone Confined Compression Test with IMASS Model[4] Pillar Stability with IMASS Model[5] Slope Stability with IMASS Model[6] Underground Tunnel Stability with IMASS Model[7] Pillar Loads at Intersecting Tunnels2. 临界塑性剪切应变
临界塑性剪切应变是累积的塑性剪切应变导致材料显著减弱的阈值,结果是粘聚力丧失,它标志着损伤评估过程中的第一阶段结束,此时岩石从峰值强度过渡到峰值后行为。累积的塑性剪切应变对于评估岩石质量至关重要。当达到这一临界应变时,材料的强度被认为等于其峰值后强度,进一步的变形主要会影响体积特性而非剪切特性(Sloss)。
临界塑性剪切应变的定义
临界塑性剪切应变越小,岩石质量表现得越脆性;相反,较大的临界应变则表明韧性反应,这种行为通常受地质强度指数GSI和岩石质量等因素影响。高质量岩石通常表现出较低的临界应变值,因为它们更具脆性,而低质量岩石则往往具有较高的临界应变并表现出韧性。在实践中,对于高质量、完整的岩石模型,通常建议初始值约为0.5%的临界塑性剪切应变。然而,这个值可能会根据具体地质条件而有所不同,应在有可用经验数据时进行校准。(1) 材料属性函数:摩尔-库仑参数(粘聚力和摩擦力)可以定义为累积塑性剪切应变的函数。这允许随着变形进展,材料属性动态变化。
(2) 单元尺寸依赖性:临界塑性剪切应变也与单元大小相关。因此,根据每个单元的大小计算并存储该参数,这反映了剪切通常发生在大约一个单元厚度的带内。
模拟过程涉及两个主要阶段:
(a) 阶段1: 由于小应变过程导致损伤累积,直到达到临界塑性剪切应变。
(b) 阶段2:峰值后行为,此时进一步的变形导致孔隙率增加和体积特性的变化。
理解并准确建模临界塑性剪切应变对于预测地下开挖和其他岩土工程应用中的破坏机制和稳定性至关重要。
3. 参考
[1] (2013) Guidelines for numerical modelling of rock support for mines.[2] (2018) Numerical simulations of a centrifuge model of caving. [3] (2019) Accounting for rock mass heterogeneity and buckling mechanisms in the study of excavation performance in foliated ground at Westwood mine. [4] (2019) The role of rock mass heterogeneity and buckling mechanisms in excavation performance in foliated ground at Westwood Mine, Quebec.[5] (2020) Back analysis of cave propagation and subsidence at Cadia East Mine.[6] (2021) Review of design parameters for discontinuous numerical modelling of excavations in the Hawkesbury Sandstone.[7] (2021) Investigation of pillar damage mechanisms and rock-support interaction using Bonded Block Models.[8] (2022) Application of a strain-softening model to simulate slope displacements at Freeport-McMoRan Morenci Mine. [9] (2024) An overview of numerical modelling in forecasting infrastructure stability and ground support behaviour applied to cave mining.