今日更新:Composite Structures 1 篇,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 1 篇,Composites Science and Technology 1 篇
Hole quality improvement in CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks using optimised flow rates for LCO2 and MQL sustainable cooling/lubrication
Rodriguez I., Arrazola P.J., Cuesta M., Pušavec F.
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117687
利用 LCO2 和 MQL 可持续冷却/润滑的优化流速提高 CFRP/Ti6Al4V 叠层的孔质量
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer/titanium stacks (CFRP/Ti6Al4V) are employed in aeronautics due to their excellent weight-to-strength ratio and corrosion properties. However, these same material properties present challenges for hole making which cannot be solved using conventional water-based metalworking fluids (MWFs), as they cause degradation of the composite. Moreover, environmental and health concerns require exploration of alternative cooling/lubrication solutions. In this study, a controlled mixture of liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) was supplied through the drilling tool. The effect of varying LCO2 and MQL flow rates was evaluated on cutting forces, temperatures, and several hole quality outputs. The optimal flow rates were then determined through multi-objective optimisation. The results show that the cooling/lubrication flow rate greatly affects the measured outputs, and that supplying LCO2+MQL with optimised flow rates helps achieve superior quality holes in CFRP, Ti6Al4V and CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks.
碳纤维增强聚合物/钛复合材料(CFRP/Ti6Al4V)因其优异的重量强度比和耐腐蚀性能而被广泛应用于航空领域。然而,这些材料特性也给孔加工带来了挑战,传统的水基金属加工液(MWF)无法解决这些问题,因为它们会导致复合材料降解。此外,出于对环境和健康的考虑,需要探索其他冷却/润滑解决方案。在这项研究中,受控的液态二氧化碳(LCO2)和最小量润滑油(MQL)混合物通过钻具供应。评估了不同的 LCO2 和 MQL 流速对切削力、温度和几种孔质量输出的影响。然后通过多目标优化确定了最佳流速。结果表明,冷却/润滑流速对测量结果有很大影响,以优化流速提供 LCO2+MQL 有助于在 CFRP、Ti6Al4V 和 CFRP/Ti6Al4V 叠层中获得优质孔。
Experimental Characterization of Compression Failure Mechanism Initiation and Growth in Notched Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Specimens
Clay Stephen, Ault Wesley, Faupel Alex, Oskay Caglar, Knoth Philip, Shemesh Noam N.Y., Haj-Ali Rami, Breiman Uri, Meshi Ido, Shor Ofir
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107865
缺口碳纤维增强复合材料试样压缩失效机理起始和增长的实验表征
This paper describes an experimental investigation to evaluate the compression failure mechanisms of kink banding, splitting, and delaminations under non-standard quasi-static loading of laminated carbon fiber reinforced composites. Tests were performed on double-edge notch compression (DENC) specimens to observe microscopic compressive damage initiation and progression. Acoustic emission results from specimens loaded to failure were used to define ranges of static stress associated with different forms of damage. Subsequent tests were interrupted at these stress intervals and results obtained from multiple inspection techniques provide quantified characterization of failure mechanism initiation and growth as a function of applied load level. Optical images of the exterior surfaces, micrographs of the laminate thickness generated via a grind/polish procedure, and postmortem X-ray computed tomographs provide detailed information on the 3D morphology and evolution of failure mechanisms in the laminate. Key failure characteristics include interior kink bands, surface ply splitting, and delaminations at two different types of interfaces. Kink bands are only present near ultimate failure while splitting and delamination initiate at approximately 50% lower stress levels. The experimental observations provide insight into the critical and subcritical nature of these failure mechanisms and their possible interactions in a multidirectional laminate under compression loading.
本文介绍了一项实验研究,旨在评估层状碳纤维增强复合材料在非标准准静态加载条件下的压缩破坏机制,包括扭结带、劈裂和分层。测试在双刃缺口压缩(DENC)试样上进行,以观察微观压缩损伤的发生和发展。加载至破坏的试样的声发射结果被用来定义与不同形式的损坏相关的静态应力范围。随后的测试在这些应力区间内中断,多种检测技术得出的结果提供了失效机制开始和发展的量化特征,与施加的载荷水平成函数关系。外表面的光学图像、通过研磨/抛光程序生成的层压板厚度显微照片以及死后 X 射线计算机断层扫描图提供了有关层压板三维形态和失效机制演变的详细信息。主要的失效特征包括内部扭结带、表面层裂和两种不同类型界面的脱层。扭结带仅在接近极限失效时出现,而分裂和分层则在应力水平降低约 50%时开始。通过实验观察,我们可以深入了解这些失效机制的临界和次临界性质,以及它们在压缩荷载下的多向层压板中可能产生的相互作用。
A novel pultrusion method and axial compression behavior of 3-D braiding-winding-pultrusion composite tubes at different temperatures
Liu Xi, Shen Wei, Fu Jincun, Natsuki Toshiaki, Zhu Lvtao
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.110340
新型拉挤方法和三维编织-缠绕-拉挤复合管在不同温度下的轴向压缩行为
The 3-D carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite tubes were designed and formed via a type of novel braiding-winding-pultrusion processing technique. The effects of temperature environments (lower, normal and high temperature) on the axial compressive mechanical responses and damage behaviors of novel 3-D braiding-winding-pultrusion composite (BWPC) tubes were investigated. It was found that the BWPC tubes combined with three forming process features has a complex compression failure mode. The CT image was show that the fiber damage methods of braiding, winding and pultrusion layer were different, and the structural design of the tubes directly affects the axial bearing capacity. The axial quasi-static compression failures of tubes were the flowering failure of petals at one end. The fiber fracture and fiber block falling off was more apparent when under the lower temperature environment. The research also indicated that, when the temperature exceeds 180 °C, the resin softening and stratification will be destroyed.
通过一种新型编织-缠绕-拉挤加工技术,设计并形成了三维碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料管。研究了温度环境(低温、常温和高温)对新型三维编织-缠绕-拉挤复合材料(BWPC)管轴向压缩力学响应和损伤行为的影响。研究发现,具有三种成型工艺特征的 BWPC 管具有复杂的压缩失效模式。CT 图像显示,编织层、缠绕层和拉挤层的纤维破坏方式不同,管材的结构设计直接影响其轴向承载能力。管材的轴向准静压失效为一端花瓣的开花失效。在较低温度环境下,纤维断裂和纤维块脱落现象更为明显。研究还表明,当温度超过 180 ℃ 时,树脂软化和分层将被破坏。