今日更新:Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1 篇,International Journal of Plasticity 2 篇,Thin-Walled Structures 2 篇
Finding Transition State and Minimum Energy Path of Bistable Elastic Continua through Energy Landscape Explorations
Guangchao Wan, Samuel J. Avis, Zizheng Wang, Xueju Wang, Halim Kusumaatmaja, Teng Zhang
doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105503
通过能量景观探索寻找双稳态弹性连续体的过渡态和最小能量路径
Mechanical bistable structures have two stable equilibria and can transit between them under external stimuli. Due to their unique behaviors such as snap-through and substantial shape changes, bistable structures exhibit unprecedented properties compared to conventional structures and thus have found applications in various fields such as soft robots, morphing wings and logic units. To quantitatively predict the performance of bistable structures in these applications, it is desirable to acquire information about the minimum energy barrier and an energy-efficient transition path between the two stable states. However, there is still a general lack of efficient methodologies to obtain this information, particularly for elastic continua with complicated, unintuitive transition paths. To overcome this challenge, here we integrate energy landscape exploration algorithms into finite element method (FEM). We first utilize the binary image transition state search (BITSS) method to identify the saddle point and then perform nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations with initial guess based on the BITSS results to find the minimum energy path (MEP). This integrated strategy greatly helps the convergence of MEP calculations, which are highly nonlinear. Two representative cases are studied, including bistable buckled beams and a bistable unit of mechanical metamaterials, and the numerical results agree well with the previous works. Importantly, we numerically predict the complicated MEP of an asymmetric bistable unit of mechanical metamaterials and use experiments to demonstrate that following this MEP leads to successful transition between stable states while intuitive uniaxial compression fails to do so. Our work provides an effective numerical platform for identifying the minimum energy barrier and energy-efficient transition path of a bistable continuum, which can offer valuable guidance to the design of actuators, damping structures, energy harvesters, and mechanical metamaterials.
机械双稳态结构具有两个稳定的平衡点,并能在外部刺 激下在两个平衡点之间转换。与传统结构相比,双稳态结构因其独特的行为(如快速穿透和大幅形状变化)而表现出前所未有的特性,并因此在软机器人、变形翅膀和逻辑单元等多个领域得到应用。为了定量预测双稳态结构在这些应用中的性能,最好能获得有关最小能量障碍和两个稳定状态之间的高能效过渡路径的信息。然而,目前仍然普遍缺乏获取这些信息的有效方法,特别是对于过渡路径复杂、不直观的弹性连续体。为了克服这一难题,我们在此将能量景观探索算法集成到有限元法(FEM)中。我们首先利用二元图像转换态搜索(BITSS)方法确定鞍点,然后根据 BITSS 的结果,利用初始猜测进行裸弹带(NEB)计算,以找到最小能量路径(MEP)。这种综合策略大大有助于高度非线性的 MEP 计算的收敛。我们研究了两种具有代表性的情况,包括双稳态屈曲梁和机械超材料的双稳态单元,数值结果与之前的研究结果非常吻合。重要的是,我们从数值上预测了机械超材料非对称双稳态单元的复杂 MEP,并通过实验证明,遵循这一 MEP 可以成功实现稳定状态之间的转换,而直观的单轴压缩则无法实现这一转换。我们的工作为确定双稳态连续体的最小能量障碍和高能效过渡路径提供了有效的数值平台,可为致动器、阻尼结构、能量收集器和机械超材料的设计提供有价值的指导。
The effect of electric current on dislocation activity in pure aluminum: a 3D discrete dislocation dynamics study
Zhutian Xu, Xia'nan Li, Rui Zhang, Jun Ma, Diankai Qiu, Linfa Peng
doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2023.103826
电流对纯铝中位错活动的影响:三维离散位错动力学研究
Introducing electric current into metals and alloys to improve their ductility and to reduce the hardening tendency has been widely adopted. Nevertheless, how the electricity affects the plastic deformation of those materials remains a critical issue with controversial opinions. To clarify the material plastic deformation subjected to electric current, or the so-called electroplastic behavior, an in-depth understanding of the dislocation evolution during that process is vital. From that motivation, three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations were carried out to explore the dislocation behavior during the uniaxial tensile deformation of pure aluminum with the introduction of electric current. The scattering process between electrons and dislocations was first captured by a physical model. The electron wind force and local heat effect were quantitatively analyzed by figuring out the momentum and the energy transferred during the interaction of electrons and dislocations respectively. The dislocation density evolution, the activation of different slip systems and the dislocation distribution were further analyzed based on the simulations. The dislocation density in the [111] direction is revealed to increase more significantly than [101] and [001] directions with the introduction of electric current. The results show that the current can reduce the flow stress by promoting the activation of the difficult-to-move dislocations. The activation effect reduces the dislocation tangling tendency and leads to more uniform dislocation distribution. Therefore, a reduction of the flow stress can be observed in EAT comparing to TAT, via the discrete dislocation dynamics simulations even though the dislocation densities are similar. The simulation results are also confirmed by the EAT and TAT experiment results and TEM observations.
将电流引入金属和合金以提高其延展性并减少硬化趋势已被广泛采用。然而,电流如何影响这些材料的塑性变形仍是一个关键问题,众说纷纭。要弄清材料在电流作用下的塑性变形,即所谓的电塑性行为,深入了解这一过程中的位错演变至关重要。基于这一动机,我们进行了三维位错动力学模拟,以探索纯铝在引入电流的单轴拉伸变形过程中的位错行为。首先通过物理模型捕捉了电子和位错之间的散射过程。通过计算电子和位错相互作用过程中传递的动量和能量,分别定量分析了电子风力和局部热效应。在模拟的基础上,进一步分析了位错密度的演变、不同滑移系统的激活以及位错的分布。结果表明,引入电流后,[111]方向的位错密度比[101]和[001]方向增加得更明显。结果表明,电流能促进难以移动的位错活化,从而降低流动应力。激活效应降低了位错的缠结趋势,并使位错分布更加均匀。因此,通过离散位错动力学模拟可以观察到,即使位错密度相似,EAT 的流动应力也比 TAT 小。模拟结果也得到了 EAT 和 TAT 实验结果和 TEM 观察结果的证实。
Evolution of recrystallization texture in medium to low stacking fault energy alloys: Experiments and simulations
Gyan Shankar, Voolapalli Gayatri, Luis A. Barrales-Mora, S. Suwas
doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2023.103827
中低堆积断层能合金的再结晶纹理演变:实验与模拟
The present work aims to investigate the evolution of static recrystallization microstructure and texture in medium to low stacking fault energy (SFE) alloys. In these categories of materials, the process of recrystallization becomes complex because of the presence of extensive deformation heterogeneity. Ni-xCo (40 and 60 wt.% Co) alloy has been chosen for this purpose, where Ni-40Co belongs to medium SFE, and Ni-60Co belongs to low SFE regimes. The effect of solid solution strengthening and deformed microstructural features on the mechanism of recrystallization are explored. Both the alloys were subjected to 50% cold-rolling reduction followed by isothermal annealing at 600°C. Recrystallization texture of Ni-40Co shows a non-uniform α-fibre having a peak intensity at the Goss component, whereas Ni-60Co shows uniform α-fibre texture. Both the alloys also show rotated cube (Rt C) and rotated Cu (Rt Cu) components after recrystallization. Apart from that Ni-60Co exhibits brass recrystallization (BR) texture component. The differences in the recrystallization texture in both the Ni-Co alloys are attributed to the role of different heterogeneous deformation features in the microstructure and transition from Cu-type to Bs-type as-deformed texture. The recrystallization microstructure is dominated by the formation of substantial annealing twin (Σ3) boundaries, which also produces many new orientations; thereby weaken the recrystallization texture. These experimental findings and the proposed mechanism were used as input to simulate the recrystallization microstructure and texture in the alloy using the parallelized cellular automata (CA) technique. Parallelized CA model has successfully predicted the evolution of recrystallization texture and microstructure through simulation except parallel annealing twin feature.
本研究旨在探讨中低堆积断层能(SFE)合金中静态再结晶微观结构和纹理的演变。在这类材料中,由于存在广泛的变形异质性,再结晶过程变得复杂。为此选择了镍-钴(40 和 60 wt.%钴)合金,其中镍-40钴属于中堆错能合金,镍-60钴属于低堆错能合金。研究探讨了固溶强化和变形微观结构特征对再结晶机制的影响。两种合金都经过 50%的冷轧还原,然后在 600°C 等温退火。镍-40钴的再结晶纹理显示出不均匀的α-纤维,其峰值强度位于戈斯成分,而镍-60钴则显示出均匀的α-纤维纹理。这两种合金在再结晶后还显示出旋转立方(Rt C)和旋转铜(Rt Cu)成分。除此之外,Ni-60Co 还显示出黄铜再结晶 (BR) 纹理成分。两种镍钴合金再结晶纹理的差异归因于微观结构中不同的异质变形特征以及从 Cu 型到 Bs 型变形纹理的过渡。再结晶微观结构主要由大量退火孪晶(Σ3)边界的形成所主导,同时也产生了许多新的取向,从而削弱了再结晶纹理。这些实验结果和所提出的机制被用作输入,利用并行化细胞自动机(CA)技术模拟合金中的再结晶微观结构和纹理。除平行退火孪生特征外,平行化 CA 模型通过模拟成功预测了再结晶纹理和显微组织的演变。
Experimental and PDDO-based meshfree numerical study on ductile fracture behavior of steel plate
Liu Fan, Hu Yu-meng, Xu Yi-gang, Feng Guo-qing
doi:10.1016/j.tws.2023.111424
钢板韧性断裂行为的实验和基于 PDDO 的无网格数值研究
This paper presents a meshfree approach based on the coupling of peridynamic differential operator (PDDO) and continuum mechanics to predict the ductile fracture of the steel plates. The interpolation function of particles for a shell model is established by applying the PDDO in the 2D case. The weak form of the kinetic equations is derived by discretizing the motion variables. The Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) constitutive model is adopted to characterize the plasticity and ductile fracture behavior of material, in which the material parameters are determined by conducting uniaxial tensile tests and scanning electron microscope analysis. The ductile fracture test of the EH36 steel plate with a prefabricated crack is conducted to validate the proposed numerical approach. The results show that the established meshfree shell model is able to accurately simulate the bearing capacity, crack propagation rate, and ductile fracture characteristics of the structure.
本文提出了一种基于周动态微分算子(PDDO)和连续介质力学耦合的无网格方法,用于预测钢板的韧性断裂。通过在二维情况下应用 PDDO,建立了壳模型的粒子插值函数。通过对运动变量进行离散化,得出了动力学方程的弱形式。采用 Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN)构成模型来表征材料的塑性和韧性断裂行为,其中材料参数是通过单轴拉伸试验和扫描电子显微镜分析确定的。对带有预制裂纹的 EH36 钢板进行了韧性断裂试验,以验证所提出的数值方法。结果表明,所建立的无网格壳模型能够准确模拟结构的承载能力、裂纹扩展速率和延性断裂特征。
Investigation on shear and fatigue performance of CFRP/aluminum alloy single-lap adhesive joint
Liming Duan, Wei Liang, Yongai Hou, Dayong Wang, Junjia Cui, Guangyao Li, Hao Jiang
doi:10.1016/j.tws.2023.111421
CFRP/ 铝合金单层粘接接头的剪切和疲劳性能研究
The size parameter is quite significant for the performance of adhesive joint. In order to investigate the effect of size parameters on the mechanical property and failure behavior of CFRP/aluminum alloy adhesive single-lap joint, T300 CFRP laminate and AA5182 aluminum alloy sheet were bonded by Sika Power 497 structural adhesive under different size parameters. The quasi-static shear test and fatigue test were implemented, and the failure behavior and failure mechanism were analyzed. Results showed that the increase of aluminum alloy sheet thickness or bonding area length could effectively improve the bonding strength of adhesive joint, when the strength of the aluminum alloy sheet or the adhesive layer was insufficient. The shear failure modes of adhesive joint mainly included adhesive failure, base material failure and mixed failure. The fatigue failure modes of adhesive joint were mainly adhesive cohesion failure and adhesive adhesion failure. At low stress levels, the aluminum alloy sheet might fracture. In addition, this work can provide a scientific guidance for the engineering application of adhesive bonding technology.
尺寸参数对粘合剂接头的性能影响很大。为了研究尺寸参数对 CFRP/ 铝合金粘接单搭接接头力学性能和失效行为的影响,采用西卡 Power 497 结构胶在不同尺寸参数下粘接了 T300 CFRP 层压板和 AA5182 铝合金板。进行了准静态剪切试验和疲劳试验,分析了失效行为和失效机理。结果表明,当铝合金板材或粘合剂层强度不足时,增加铝合金板材厚度或粘合区域长度可有效提高粘合接头的粘合强度。粘接接头的剪切失效模式主要包括粘接失效、基材失效和混合失效。胶接件的疲劳失效模式主要是胶粘剂内聚失效和胶粘剂粘合失效。在低应力水平下,铝合金板可能会断裂。此外,这项工作还能为粘合剂粘接技术的工程应用提供科学指导。