【新文速递】2023年12月3日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章

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今日更新：Composite Structures 1 篇，Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 4 篇，Composites Part B: Engineering 1 篇，Composites Science and Technology 1 篇

Composite Structures

A kinking-based failure model for engineering simulation of compressive crushing of composite structures

Niklas Jansson, Martin Fagerström

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117755

基于扭结的失效模型，用于复合材料结构压缩挤压的工程模拟

The use of continuum damage models is state of the art for the finite element modelling of progressive damage and failure under compressive loading in composites during e.g. crash and impact simulations. However, after failure initiation the compressive stress is quickly degraded to zero alternatively to a plateau with constant stress and at a certain point the element needs to be deleted due to the damage level or large element deformation. This effectively represent a void in the material which contrasts with reality where a fully formed kink band would be expected to have compressive properties similar to the transverse direction of the ply. To better represent this physical behaviour is here a kinking formulation developed that instead of the common constant stress plateau after initial softening features a stiffening at larger strains. This formulation has been implemented in a commercial FE-code complemented by criteria for kinking initiation and kink band broadening. The results presented show the novelty of the model in that it describes a chain of events starting with initiation of kinking, progressing to the growth of kink bands through the element and finally including an increase in stress that initiate kinking in adjacent elements.

在碰撞和冲击模拟等过程中，使用连续损伤模型对复合材料在压缩载荷作用下的渐进损伤和失效进行有限元建模是目前最先进的方法。然而，在失效开始后，压缩应力会迅速衰减为零，或者变为具有恒定应力的高原，在某一点上，由于损伤程度或较大的元素变形，需要删除元素。这实际上代表了材料中的空隙，与实际情况形成鲜明对比，完全形成的扭结带预计会具有与层板横向相似的抗压性能。为了更好地表现这种物理行为，我们在此开发了一种扭结配方，这种配方在初始软化后不再是常见的恒定应力高原，而是在较大应变时出现僵化。该公式已在商用 FE 代码中实施，并辅以扭结起始和扭结带扩展的标准。研究结果表明了该模型的新颖性，它描述了一连串的事件，从开始的扭结，到扭结带在元件中的扩展，最后包括应力的增加，从而引发相邻元件的扭结。

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

A strategy to fabricate hierarchical microporous architecture of polyimide nanofibrous aerogels with efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal insulation

Meng Sun, Zhengyu Guo, Wenting Zhang, Enjie Ding, Xiang Li, Ming Yin, Chuyang Luo, Liying Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107940

制造具有高效电磁波吸收和隔热性能的分层微孔结构聚酰亚胺纳米纤维气凝胶的策略

The aviation industry requires advanced aerogels that combine both electromagnetic wave (EM) attenuation and thermal insulation capabilities. This work involved the fabrication of Ti3C2Tx MXene/polyimide nanofibrous (PINF) aerogels through freeze-drying and thermal imidization. The hierarchical microporous architecture was formed by the interconnected primary pores induced by the removal of ice crystals and secondary pores from the PINF web. The unique highly porous 3D network of the nanofibrous aerogel provided well-matched impedance and enhanced multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves. The polar functional groups and defects on MXene induced dipole polarization, and the heterointerfaces between the PINFs and MXene enhanced the interfacial polarization. Consequently, the MXene/PINF aerogels exhibited efficient microwave absorption, showing a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -37.9 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.3 GHz. Moreover, nanofibrous aerogels also exhibited low thermal conductivity and remarkable compression properties, making them suitable for utilization in complex environments.

航空业需要兼具电磁波（EM）衰减和隔热能力的先进气凝胶。这项工作涉及通过冷冻干燥和热亚胺化制造 Ti3C2Tx MXene/聚酰亚胺纳米纤维（PINF）气凝胶。分层微孔结构是由冰晶去除后产生的相互连接的一级孔隙和 PINF 网中的二级孔隙形成的。纳米纤维状气凝胶独特的高多孔三维网络提供了良好的阻抗匹配，并增强了电磁波的多次反射和散射。MXene 上的极性官能团和缺陷诱导了偶极极化，而 PINF 与 MXene 之间的异质界面增强了界面极化。因此，MXene/PINF 气凝胶具有高效的微波吸收能力，其最小反射损耗（RLmin）为 -37.9 dB，有效吸收带宽（EAB）为 3.3 GHz。此外，纳米纤维气凝胶还表现出较低的热导率和显著的压缩特性，使其适合在复杂环境中使用。

Tensile and flexural mechanical attributes of hybrid carbon/basalt fiber metal laminates under various hybridization and stacking sequences

Yu Wang, Weifu Sun, Lei Cao

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107942

不同杂化和堆叠顺序下碳/钴纤维混合金属层压板的拉伸和弯曲机械属性

In this work, experimental measurements and theoretical validation are adopted to examine the tensile and flexural behaviors of titanium-based carbon/basalt fiber metal laminates under various hybridization ratios and stacking sequences. Firstly, the mechanical response and damage patterns of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) subjected to different tensile and flexural loads have been explored. By observing the fracture surfaces of FMLs with various hybridization ratios and stacking sequences, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to identify the related microscopic damage patterns. The principal damage mechanism were attributed to fiber/matrix debonding, matrix microcrack, fiber pull-out, and delamination. Subsequently, to analyze the discreteness of experimental results and evaluate the theoretical flexural strength of FMLs under different conditions, the two-parameter Weibull statistics model for engineering application of FMLs was established. These results indicate that the tensile and flexural strength of FMLs can be improved by altering the hybridization ratios and stacking sequences. The thorough understanding of the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of FMLs under various hybridization conditions can provide the basis for the design and utilization of FMLs structures.

本研究通过实验测量和理论验证，研究了钛基碳/钴纤维金属层压板在不同杂化比和堆叠顺序下的拉伸和弯曲行为。首先，研究了金属纤维层压板（FML）在不同拉伸和弯曲载荷下的力学响应和损伤模式。通过观察不同杂化比和堆叠顺序的金属纤维层压板的断裂面，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）确定了相关的微观损伤模式。主要的损伤机制可归结为纤维/基体脱粘、基体微裂纹、纤维拉出和分层。随后，为了分析实验结果的离散性并评估不同条件下 FML 的理论抗弯强度，建立了 FML 工程应用的双参数 Weibull 统计模型。这些结果表明，可以通过改变杂化比和堆叠顺序来提高 FML 的拉伸强度和抗弯强度。透彻了解 FML 在各种杂化条件下的力学行为和失效机理，可为 FML 结构的设计和利用提供依据。

Harnessing the Power of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Liquid Crystal Elastomer Composites for High-Performance Aerospace Materials: A Comprehensive Investigation on Reversible Transformation and Shape Memory Deformation

Yuliang Xia, Tong Mu, Yanju Liu, Jinsong Leng

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107943

利用碳纤维增强液晶弹性体复合材料的力量制造高性能航空航天材料：对可逆变形和形状记忆变形的全面研究

Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) showcase transformative features making them suitable for rigorous applications, notably aerospace. However, their standalone mechanical properties often fall short. This study introduces the incorporation of carbon fiber to form a reinforced LCE composite, LCEC, aimed at enhancing mechanical performance while maintaining reversible deformation and shape memory attributes. Molecular-level analysis indicates an upsurge in overall composite performance with improved storage modulus (1.1 GPa at 25 °C), heightened reversible deformation, and better shape memory functionality. Both materials retain transformation properties under gamma-ray irradiation. This investigation into LCE and LCEC performance underscores their potential in demanding environments due to improved mechanical strength, transformability, shape memory performance, and radiation resistance. The research offers insights into micro-level alterations leading to macro-level enhancements in material properties, paving the way for future advancements in fields like robotics and aerospace.

液晶弹性体（LCE）具有变革性的特点，适合于严格的应用领域，尤其是航空航天领域。然而，它们的独立机械性能往往不尽如人意。本研究介绍了加入碳纤维形成增强型液晶弹性体复合材料 LCEC 的方法，旨在提高机械性能，同时保持可逆变形和形状记忆特性。分子层面的分析表明，这种复合材料的整体性能得到了提升，存储模量提高（25 °C时为1.1 GPa），可逆形变增加，形状记忆功能增强。在伽马射线辐照下，两种材料都能保持转化特性。对 LCE 和 LCEC 性能的研究强调了它们在苛刻环境中的潜力，因为它们具有更好的机械强度、可变形性、形状记忆性能和抗辐射性。这项研究深入揭示了微观层面的改变导致材料性能宏观层面的增强，为机器人和航空航天等领域的未来进步铺平了道路。

A low-cost and liquid oxygen-compatible epoxy matrix of composites by introducing aryl phosphinate diglycidyl ether

Juanzi Li, Jia Yan, Duo Chen, Yunguang Cui, Jianing Wei, Zhenyu Wang, Hao Huang, Zhanjun Wu

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107944

引入芳基膦酸二缩水甘油醚的低成本液氧兼容环氧基复合材料

Replacing traditional metal tanks with composite liquid oxygen (LOX) tanks would make significant contribution to the weight reduction of rockets. However, the epoxy resins (EP) matrix of composites is incompatible with LOX, which limits the application of composite LOX tanks. In this study, an aryl phosphinate diglycidyl ether (PDGEP) was synthesized using 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) and epichlorohydrin via a single step. The structure of PDGEP was confirmed by FTIR spectra, NMR and LC-MS analysis. Meanwhile, PDGEP was introduced into biphenol A (E51) resin at different weight ratios by physical blending. When the content of PDGEP exceeded 10 phr, E51 matrix exhibited compatibility with LOX. The LOX-compatible mechanism was investigated by TGA, UL-94, TG-FTIR-MS analysis and XPS analysis. The results showed that the enhanced thermal stability under high temperatures, the quenching effects from the phosphorus-containing free radicals, the decrease of the combustible volatiles, and the shielding and protective char layer with highly carbonized aromatic networks were all responsible for the compatibility of E51 matrix with LOX. Furthermore, the flexural strength (883.31 MPa) and flexural modulus (14.83 GPa) of the carbon fiber reinforced EP10 (CF/EP10) composites at 90 K increased by 2.3% and 12.9% than those of the CF/EP0 composites. The LOX-compatible resin matrix and composites exhibit good potential for developing light-weight LOX composite cryotanks.

用复合材料液氧（LOX）贮箱取代传统的金属贮箱将大大减轻火箭的重量。然而，复合材料的环氧树脂（EP）基体与液氧不相容，这限制了复合材料液氧罐的应用。本研究利用 10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷菲-10-氧化物（ODOPB）和环氧氯丙烷一步合成了芳基膦酸二缩水甘油醚（PDGEP）。傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振和液相色谱-质谱分析证实了 PDGEP 的结构。同时，通过物理混合将不同重量比的 PDGEP 加入双酚 A（E51）树脂中。当 PDGEP 的含量超过 10 phr 时，E51 树脂基体表现出与 LOX 的相容性。通过 TGA、UL-94、TG-FTIR-MS 分析和 XPS 分析研究了与 LOX 相容的机理。结果表明，高温下热稳定性的增强、含磷自由基的淬火效应、可燃挥发物的减少以及高度碳化芳香族网络的屏蔽和保护炭层都是 E51 基体与 LOX 相容性的原因。此外，碳纤维增强 EP10（CF/EP10）复合材料在 90 K 时的抗弯强度（883.31 MPa）和抗弯模量（14.83 GPa）比 CF/EP0 复合材料分别提高了 2.3% 和 12.9%。LOX兼容树脂基体和复合材料在开发轻质LOX复合低温槽方面具有良好的潜力。

Composites Part B: Engineering

Effects of rCF attributes and FDM-3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of rCFRP

Huanbo Cheng, Mingxi Tang, Huafeng Wang, Jinhu Zhou, Qingze Wang, He Zhai, Zhengchun Qian

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.111122

rCF 属性和 FDM-3D 印刷参数对 rCFRP 力学性能的影响

In order to realize high-quality and environment-friendly recycling of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) waste and high-value reuse of recycled carbon fiber (rCF), this paper proposes an additive remanufacturing process of recycled carbon fiber reinforced composite (rCFRP). The material attribute of rCF recycled by the thermally activated oxide semiconductor was analyzed and the effect of fused deposition modeling-3D (FDM-3D) printing parameters on mechanical properties of rCFRP was investigated, and FDM-3D printed rCFRP products for automotive were prepared. The results illustrate that rCF possesses the same excellent material attribute as the virgin carbon fiber, and optimizing FDM-3D printing parameters can effectively improve the mechanical properties of rCFRP. FDM-3D printed rCFRP products are of promising application in the field of automotive lightweighting due to its characteristics of personalized customization and low cost, which verifies the feasibility of the additive remanufacturing process mentioned above.

为了实现碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）废弃物的高质量环保回收和再生碳纤维（rCF）的高价值再利用，本文提出了一种再生碳纤维增强复合材料（rCFRP）的添加剂再制造工艺。分析了热激活氧化物半导体回收的 rCF 的材料属性，研究了熔融沉积建模-3D（FDM-3D）打印参数对 rCFRP 力学性能的影响，并制备了用于汽车的 FDM-3D 打印 rCFRP 产品。结果表明，rCF 具有与原始碳纤维相同的优异材料属性，优化 FDM-3D 印刷参数可有效改善 rCFRP 的力学性能。FDM-3D 打印 rCFRP 产品具有个性化定制和低成本的特点，在汽车轻量化领域具有广阔的应用前景，验证了上述添加剂再制造工艺的可行性。

Composites Science and Technology

Enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical insulation by patterned self-assembly of electrospun nanofibers

Wei-Hua Han, Li-Rui Shi, Yu Long, Xin Zhou, Yuan-Yi Kang, Qing-Yu Wang, Chun-Cheng Hao

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.110367

通过电纺纳米纤维的图案化自组装增强导热性和电绝缘性

Low intrinsic thermal conductivity (TC) of polymer materials has severely limited their further applicability in electronic and electrical products. To enhance the TC, a strategy for constructing nanofiller-based thermal conductive networks by patterned self-assembly of electrospun nanofibers was first proposed in this paper. By selecting a regular metal mesh as the collector, the electrostatic field-induced directional deposition of nanofibers was achieved, thereby constructing interconnected heat transfer paths aligned in at least four directions. The in-plane TC of heat-pressed electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers with 20 wt% loading of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) can reach 7.27 W/(m·K). Electrical insulation of the PVDF/BNNS composites has also been confirmed, showing high volume resistivity and breakdown strength, which have increased by 460.0 % and 26.6 %, respectively, compared to pure PVDF. Finally, a double-layer composite film with waterproof and easy-cleaning characteristics was prepared for electronic device packaging. This simple and efficient preparation strategy for thermal conductive networks may bring new perspectives to thermal management applications.

聚合物材料的固有热导率（TC）较低，严重限制了其在电子和电气产品中的进一步应用。为了提高导热系数，本文首次提出了一种通过电纺纳米纤维的图案化自组装来构建基于纳米填料的导热网络的策略。通过选择规则的金属网作为收集器，实现了静电场诱导的纳米纤维定向沉积，从而构建了至少四个方向上相互连接的传热路径。含有 20 wt% 氮化硼纳米片 (BNNS) 的热压电纺聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 纳米纤维的面内 TC 值可达到 7.27 W/(m-K)。PVDF/BNNS 复合材料的电绝缘性能也得到了证实，显示出较高的体积电阻率和击穿强度，与纯 PVDF 相比，体积电阻率和击穿强度分别提高了 460.0% 和 26.6%。最后，制备出了一种具有防水和易清洁特性的双层复合薄膜，可用于电子设备包装。这种简单高效的导热网络制备策略可能会为热管理应用带来新的前景。

来源：复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM

【新文速递】2023年12月5日固体力学SCI期刊最新文章

今日更新：International Journal of Solids and Structures 1 篇，Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 1 篇，Mechanics of Materials 1 篇，Thin-Walled Structures 1 篇International Journal of Solids and StructuresComputational and physical aspects for the occurrence of crease in an elastomer under general loading conditionsSeishiro Matsubara, Atsuya Ogino, So Nagashima, Dai Okumuradoi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112610弹性体在一般加载条件下出现皱褶的计算和物理问题We study the occurrence of crease in an elastomer under three loading conditions from both computational and physical points of view. A two-dimensional finite element analysis, including a perturbation force–based approach, is performed to detect the stable creased state, where the crease formation is completed. A mesh convergence study for the energy release and crease depth in the creased state provides a guideline for the finite element mesh requisite for predicting the occurrence of crease. We also visualize the mesh convergence for the critical creasing onset by plotting the set of compressive strain and mesh resolution at the point where the energy release is zero. In addition, the present evaluation method of the surface tension using the energy release and surface area change for an elastomer with a traction-free surface yields a good prediction for the creasing onset delayed by surface tension without additional numerical implementations or adjustment parameters. This facilitates the comprehensive study of the creasing onset delayed by the surface tension under general loading conditions. The results reveal that tensile deformation in the out-of-plane direction encourages the retardation of the creasing onset via the extension of the width and the energy emission. We further demonstrate that energetically preferential crease interval can be used to evaluate the spacing between creases delayed by moderate surface tension.我们从计算和物理角度研究了弹性体在三种加载条件下出现折痕的情况。我们进行了二维有限元分析，包括基于扰动力的方法，以检测折痕形成完成后的稳定折痕状态。对折痕状态下的能量释放和折痕深度进行的网格收敛研究为预测折痕发生所需的有限元网格提供了指导。我们还通过绘制能量释放为零时的压缩应变集和网格分辨率图，直观显示了临界起皱点的网格收敛情况。此外，对于无牵引力表面的弹性体，本评估方法利用能量释放和表面积变化来评估表面张力，无需额外的数值实现或调整参数，就能很好地预测因表面张力而延迟的起皱。这有助于在一般加载条件下对表面张力延迟起皱进行全面研究。研究结果表明，平面外方向的拉伸变形会通过扩展宽度和能量释放来促进起皱延迟。我们进一步证明，能量优先折痕间隔可用于评估由适度表面张力延迟的折痕间距。Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of SolidsA unified disconnection model of stress-driven grain boundary migration in nanocrystalline metalsAnping Hua, Junhua Zhaodoi:10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105515 纳米晶金属中应力驱动晶界迁移的统一断开模型Disconnection-based model has recently become one of the most recognized ways to unify grain boundary-dominated plasticity of nanocrystalline metals. Here, we proposed a unified disconnection model with a general energetic description formula by considering diverse Burgers vectors, anisotropy in kinetics, shear strengths, and grain size effects in disconnection-mediated grain boundary migration. The quantitative relation was identified between the energy variations from this model and the multi-disconnection slip characteristics of recent in situ atomistic observation. We used the double-disconnection model degraded by this model to reveal the origin of these disconnections nucleating successively from the same free surface and the reason for their composition or decomposition. The obtained energy maps further demonstrated all possible disconnection nucleation, propagation, interaction and annihilation, where the most energetically preferred evolution path of disconnection motion was confirmed by present molecular dynamics simulations. This unified model and its applications enrich our understanding of grain boundary-mediated plasticity and favor the manageable design of nanocrystalline metals.基于断裂的模型最近已成为统一纳米晶金属晶界主导塑性的公认方法之一。在此，我们提出了一个统一的断开模型，该模型具有通用的能量描述公式，考虑了断开介导的晶界迁移中的各种布尔矢量、动力学各向异性、剪切强度和晶粒尺寸效应。我们确定了该模型的能量变化与最近原位原子观测的多断开滑移特征之间的定量关系。我们使用由该模型退化的双断开模型来揭示从同一自由表面相继成核的这些断开的起源及其组成或分解的原因。所获得的能量图进一步证明了所有可能的断开成核、传播、相互作用和湮灭，其中能量最优先的断开运动演化路径得到了目前分子动力学模拟的证实。这一统一模型及其应用丰富了我们对晶界介导的塑性的理解，有利于纳米晶金属的可控设计。Mechanics of MaterialsA simple stress field solution for conical indentationZhi-Qiang Wang, Huai-Rong Xiao, Li-Xun Cai, Mao-Bo Huangdoi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2023.104880 锥形压痕的简单应力场解决方案Classical contact mechanics has revealed the theoretical conical indentation solution of a stress field for ideal elastic–plastic materials based on the expansion cavity model and elastoplastic theory. This study proposes an equivalent stress analytical equation for the representative volume element of the median energy density point under conical indentation. For materials whose constitutive relations conform to power-law hardening, the equivalent stress solution is defined as the characteristic stress factor, and a simple stress field solution characterized by the logarithmic distribution law of dimensionless stress for conical indentation is presented. The verification results of finite element analysis showed that the proposed solution can uniformly describe the distribution of equivalent stress and three principal stresses in the material deformation region near the cone tip.经典接触力学基于膨胀腔模型和弹塑性理论揭示了理想弹塑性材料应力场的锥形压痕理论解。本研究提出了锥形压痕下中值能量密度点代表体积元素的等效应力解析方程。对于构成关系符合幂律硬化的材料，等效应力解定义为特征应力系数，并提出了以锥形压痕无量纲应力对数分布规律为特征的简单应力场解。有限元分析的验证结果表明，所提出的解决方案可以均匀地描述锥尖附近材料变形区域的等效应力和三个主应力的分布。Thin-Walled StructuresQuantifying Variation in Maximum Floor Accelerations of Modular Buildings under Earthquakes through Stochastic Nonlinear Structural AnalysisChen Wang, Tak-Ming Chandoi:10.1016/j.tws.2023.111454通过随机非线性结构分析量化地震下模块化建筑最大楼层加速度的变化For earthquake-resistant design of modular buildings, reinforced concrete (RC) cores can be a viable choice as the vertical seismic force resisting system. The maximum floor acceleration determines the maximum inertial force that will be transferred by the connections in the horizontal diaphragm to the RC walls. However, the randomness in the structural properties of RC walls may result in fluctuations in the floor acceleration response. Given the limited number of horizontal inter-module connections in modular buildings, the failure of these connections can have severe consequences. To ensure adequate safety margins in the design of horizontal diaphragm connections, it is essential to account for the variations in maximum floor accelerations. To quantify these variations, a 9-story prototype building with RC walls was examined in this study. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted on sample structures with univariate and bivariate randomness in fc (concrete cylinder compressive strength) and Fy (yield strength of steel rebars) of RC walls. Nonlinear response history analyses were performed for each sample structure using 22 ground motions to account for uncertainty in earthquake excitation. The results demonstrated significant and highly complex variations in the maximum floor accelerations due to the randomness considered. A coefficient of variation (CoV) of 0.13 was determined for the maximum floor acceleration response resulting from the bivariate randomness in fc and Fy. Furthermore, the variations were found to increase as the correlation scale in the spatial variation of fc increased. Based on the findings, it is proposed to apply an increase ratio of 1.2 to the maximum floor acceleration to account for the randomness of RC wall properties to ensure adequate safety margins in the design of horizontal diaphragm connections.在模块化建筑的抗震设计中，钢筋混凝土（RC）核心筒可作为垂直抗震系统的可行选择。最大楼层加速度决定了由水平隔墙连接传递到 RC 墙体的最大惯性力。然而，RC 墙结构特性的随机性可能会导致楼层加速度响应的波动。鉴于模块化建筑中模块间水平连接的数量有限，这些连接的失效可能会造成严重后果。为确保水平隔墙连接设计有足够的安全系数，必须考虑最大楼层加速度的变化。为了量化这些变化，本研究对一栋带有 RC 墙的 9 层原型建筑进行了研究。对样本结构进行了蒙特卡罗模拟，并对 RC 墙的 fc（混凝土圆柱体抗压强度）和 Fy（钢筋屈服强度）进行了单变量和双变量随机分析。使用 22 种地面运动对每个样本结构进行了非线性响应历史分析，以考虑地震激励的不确定性。结果表明，由于考虑了随机性，最大楼层加速度的变化非常明显且非常复杂。由于 fc 和 Fy 的双变量随机性，最大楼层加速度响应的变异系数 (CoV) 为 0.13。此外，随着 fc 空间变化相关尺度的增大，变异系数也随之增大。根据研究结果，建议对最大楼层加速度采用 1.2 的增加比率，以考虑到 RC 墙特性的随机性，从而确保在水平隔墙连接设计中留出足够的安全余量。来源：复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM