今日更新:Composite Structures 7 篇,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 1 篇,Composites Part B: Engineering 3 篇
Study of the dynamic response and damage evolution of carbon fiber/ultra-thin stainless-steel strip fiber metal laminates under low-velocity impact
Shibo Wei, Xiaoqiong Zhang, Yan Li, Tao Wang, Qingxue Huang, Cuirong Liu, Hailu Guan
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117772
低速冲击下碳纤维/超薄不锈钢带纤维金属层合板的动态响应及损伤演化研究
Two configurations of carbon fiber/ultra-thin stainless-steel strip fiber metal laminates (CUSFML) with differing metal volume contents (35.3% and 18.2%) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates were selected for tests. The impact response and the effect of metal volume content on the impact resistance of CUSFML were assessed via experiment and FEM. Inducing damage by drop-weight test within the impact energy range of 18.60 J ∼ 46.23 J, two types of CUSFML and CFRP composite laminates were compared. In particular, the bearing capacity, impact deflection, failure modes, and energy dissipation were considered. The impact modeling using the VUMAT subroutine refines the relationship between energy-dissipating mechanism and damage evolution. The results indicate that CUSFML are characterized by higher impact resistance than CFRP composite laminates under low-velocity impact. The effect of metal volume content on the impact resistance increases gradually with impact energy increasing. Under 46.23 J impact, the CUSFML with higher metal volume content exhibits more concentrated damaged area with severe penetration failure, which is more dominated by metal failure features with a higher proportion of plastic energy dissipation. For CUSFML with lower metal volume content, extensive delamination and damage expansion occurs under the dominance of fiber damage behaviors.
选择不同金属体积含量(35.3%和18.2%)的碳纤维/超薄不锈钢带纤维金属层合板(CUSFML)和碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)复合材料层合板两种结构进行试验。通过实验和有限元法分析了CUSFML的冲击响应特性以及金属体积含量对其抗冲击性能的影响。在18.60 J ~ 46.23 J的冲击能量范围内,对CUSFML和CFRP两种复合材料层合板进行了落重损伤试验。特别考虑了承载力、冲击挠度、破坏模式和能量耗散。使用VUMAT子程序的冲击建模细化了能量耗散机制与损伤演化之间的关系。结果表明,CUSFML在低速冲击下比CFRP复合材料层合板具有更高的抗冲击性。随着冲击能量的增加,金属体积含量对抗冲击性能的影响逐渐增大。在46.23 J冲击下,金属体积含量高的CUSFML损伤区域更集中,侵透破坏严重,以金属破坏为主,塑性耗能比例更高。对于金属体积含量较低的CUSFML,在纤维损伤行为主导下,发生了广泛的分层和损伤扩展。
Comprehensive parametric analyses on the mechanical performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fibre reinforced plastic
Georak Park, Nak-Kyun Cho, Yeajin Lee, Chung-Soo Kim
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117804
3D打印连续碳纤维增强塑料力学性能综合参数分析
This study presents a novel in-house modelling method called “Fibre Path Generator” and comprehensive parametric analyses on the mechanical performance of carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) with the fibre path along the principal stress direction, using both finite element (FE) simulations and experiments. The reliability of the developed CFRP model is validated through the fabrication of open-hole tensile test specimens using a co-extrusion composite 3D-printer, which demonstrated a highly compatible maximum tensile load with an error less than 3%. A comparative analysis is conducted to assess the mechanical performance of the CFRP specimen with principal stress fibre placement, which result shows that the maximum tensile load achieved is 172.84% higher than a CFRP model with uniaxial fibre placement. Furthermore, comprehensive parametric studies are carried out, varying the carbon fibre location and width-to-depth (w/D) ratio of the open-hole specimen, in order to evaluate the mechanical performance under the tensile loading. This study results provide useful insights to engineers when enhancing the mechanical performance of CFRP composite structures with effective continuous fibre placement.
本研究提出了一种新颖的内部建模方法,称为“纤维路径生成器”,并利用有限元模拟和实验对碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)沿主应力方向的纤维路径的力学性能进行了全面的参数分析。通过使用共挤复合材料3d打印机制作开孔拉伸试件,验证了CFRP模型的可靠性,该模型显示出高度兼容的最大拉伸载荷,误差小于3%。对比分析了主应力纤维放置CFRP试件的力学性能,结果表明,CFRP试件获得的最大拉伸载荷比单轴纤维放置CFRP模型高172.84%。此外,通过改变裸眼试件的碳纤维位置和宽深比(w/D),进行了综合参数研究,以评估拉伸载荷下的力学性能。该研究结果为工程师在有效的连续纤维布局下提高CFRP复合材料结构的力学性能提供了有益的见解。
Three-phase soft mechanical metamaterials for tunable negative expansion deformation and bandgaps
Ran Tao, Yu Chen, Geng Zhi, Junrong Luo, Tian Zhao, Wenwang Wu
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117808
可调负膨胀变形和带隙的三相软机械超材料
As the new artificial composite structures combing the smart materials and extensible topologies, the mechanical negative-expansion metamaterials deformation are promising in the fields of aerospace, robotics, medical devices, and flexible electronics. Based on the swelling characteristics of hydrogels, this work develops 2D and 3D soft mechanical metamaterials suitable for super large negative expansion deformations. The 2D and 3D metamaterials are fabricated by the multi-material 4D printing, and characterized by the experiments of self-driven negative expansion deformation and recovery. To accurately and quickly predict the deformation behavior of negative expansion response, a large-deformation theoretical model is developed based on finite element method and verified by the experimental characterizations. The influence of lattice parameters on the negative expansion response deformation and the corresponding adjustability are characterized and demonstrated through the theory, simulations and experiments. The 2D and 3D soft mechanical metamaterials show that their elastic wave bandgaps can be regulated actively and flexibly using the evolution of the lattice during the negative expansion deformation process. The present metamaterials can be used to design and manufacture instruments with adjustable negative expansion deformation and acoustic functionalities, showing the potential applications in the fields of smart soft robots and active metamaterial devices.
机械负膨胀超材料作为一种将智能材料与可扩展拓扑结构相结合的新型人工复合材料结构,在航空航天、机器人、医疗器械、柔性电子等领域有着广阔的应用前景。基于水凝胶的膨胀特性,本工作开发了适用于超大负膨胀变形的二维和三维软力学超材料。采用多材料4D打印技术制备了二维和三维超材料,并进行了自驱动负膨胀变形和恢复实验。为了准确、快速地预测负膨胀响应的变形行为,建立了基于有限元法的大变形理论模型,并通过实验表征进行了验证。通过理论、仿真和实验,表征了晶格参数对负膨胀响应变形和相应的可调节性的影响。二维和三维软质力学超材料的弹性波带隙可以通过负膨胀变形过程中晶格的演化来主动灵活地调节。所述超材料可用于设计和制造具有可调负膨胀变形和声学功能的仪器,在智能软机器人和主动超材料装置领域具有潜在的应用前景。
Static and dynamic study of fiber-reinforced hemispherical stacked sandwich structure
Zhen-Yu Li, Jin-Shui Yang, Zhi-Yuan Wang, Hong Hu, Hao Han, Hong-Ze Li, Jian-Hao Wu
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117809
纤维增强半球形叠层夹层结构的静动力研究
Sandwich structures have garnered considerable attention due to their ability to meet the requirements of the aerospace and defense industry for impact resistance and lightweight performance. Unlike the plate or block construction investigated in previous studies, this present study proposes a new type of configuration known as the fiber-reinforced hemispherical stacked sandwich (FRHSS) structure. The fabrication of this FRHSS is achieved through the utilization of the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process and its response under quasi-static compression load is analyzed through both simulation and experiment. It is found that the internal configuration design effectively determines the direction of contraction in the hemispherical construction when it is subjected to quasi-static compression load. Furthermore, the impact resistance of the FRHSS against projectile penetration is also assessed. Through a comparison of simulation and experimental results, it becomes evident that the Chang-Chang failure criterion can successfully model the penetration process. Finally, the influence of internal configuration on the penetration resistance of the structure is studied by finite element method. The results show that the internal configuration plays an important role in the ballistic limiting velocity and ballistic performance of the construction. This study provides a valuable reference for the design of hemispherical sandwich structures.
由于夹层结构能够满足航空航天和国防工业对抗冲击和轻量化性能的要求,因此引起了相当大的关注。与之前研究的板或块结构不同,本研究提出了一种新型的结构,称为纤维增强半球形堆叠三明治(FRHSS)结构。采用真空辅助树脂传递成型(VARTM)工艺制备了该FRHSS,并通过仿真和实验分析了其在准静态压缩载荷下的响应。研究发现,内部结构设计有效地决定了半球形结构在承受准静态压缩载荷时的收缩方向。此外,还评估了FRHSS对弹丸侵彻的抗冲击性。仿真结果与试验结果对比表明,Chang-Chang破坏准则可以很好地模拟侵彻过程。最后,采用有限元法研究了结构内部构型对侵彻阻力的影响。结果表明,内构型对结构的弹道极限速度和弹道性能有重要影响。该研究为半球形夹层结构的设计提供了有价值的参考。
Transition from folding to splaying failure of braided composite tubes subjected to axial compression hybridized by bi-axial and tri-axial laminate
Zhenyu Wu, Panyou Zhang, Shuang Qin, Xiaoying Cheng, Kehong Zheng
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117810
双轴和三轴复合材料复合编织管轴向压缩从折叠到展开失效的转变
The failure mode is a dominant factor of mechanical performance of braided composite tube subjected to axial compression. The failure mode was modified by tailoring stack-up sequence of composite tubes hybridized by bi/tri-axial braided laminate. The thermal photographing and micro-CT scanning methods were employed to monitor the in-situ damage progression and post-mortem specimen, respectively. The results show that the delamination was easy to be induced at the interface nearby tri-axial braided laminate. It attributes to the combination between the crack caused by local buckling of the axial yarns and the crack caused by shear deformation of braiding yarns. By the illumination of this behavior, delamination is controlled to occur at the different position along thickness direction of braided tube by adjusting the stacking sequence of braided laminates. When delamination position transfer from the inner/outer sides to the middle of tube wall, the failure mode transfer from the progressive folding to splaying, which increase the specific energy absorption by 45.77%.
破坏模式是影响编织复合材料管轴压力学性能的主要因素。通过调整双/三轴编织层板杂交复合材料管的堆叠顺序,修正了复合材料管的失效模式。采用热成像和显微ct扫描方法分别监测了原位损伤进展和死后试样。结果表明:三轴编织层板附近的界面处容易发生分层;它是由轴向纱局部屈曲引起的裂纹和编织纱剪切变形引起的裂纹共同作用的结果。利用这一特性,通过调整编织层板的堆叠顺序,可以控制分层在编织管厚度方向上不同位置的发生。当脱层位置由内外侧转移到管壁中部时,失效模式由渐进式折叠转变为展开,比能吸收提高45.77%。
Experimental characterization of a Polymer Metal Hybrid (PMH) automotive structure under quasi-static, creep, and impact loading
A. Canegrati, A. Bernasconi, L.M. Martulli, P. Barriga, G. Previati, D. Fiumarella, A. Scattina, E. Spini, G. Belingardi, G. Mastinu
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117813
准静态、蠕变和冲击载荷下聚合物金属混合材料汽车结构的实验表征
A feasibility study on a short fibre reinforced Polymer Metal Hybrid (PMH) solution of a car’s suspension control arm has been conducted through a simplified demonstrator, representative of the most critical portion of this component. It was injection moulded in two versions: an all composite one and a PMH version, in which the short fibre reinforced composite was over-moulded on to an aluminium insert. The demonstrator underwent quasi-static, creep and impact tests to simulate most of the loading conditions experienced by a suspension arm during its lifetime. The mechanical behaviours of the two demonstrator versions were compared to highlight the differences introduced by the proposed novel PMH solution. In particular, the ductile metal insert ensured the compliance of the PMH demonstrators with the automotive specific safety requirement of avoiding the complete separation at failure, which was successfully obtained in all testing conditions.
通过代表汽车悬架控制臂最关键部分的简化演示器,对短纤维增强聚合物金属混合材料(PMH)解决方案的可行性进行了研究。它被注塑成两种版本:一种是全复合材料版本,另一种是PMH版本,在PMH版本中,短纤维增强复合材料被过度模压到铝嵌件上。该演示器进行了准静态、蠕变和冲击测试,以模拟悬挂臂在其使用寿命期间所经历的大多数负载条件。比较了两个演示版本的力学行为,以突出所提出的新型PMH解决方案所带来的差异。特别是,延展性金属插入确保了PMH演示器符合汽车特定的安全要求,即在失效时避免完全分离,这在所有测试条件下都成功实现了。
Mode I fracture behavior of glass fiber composite-steel bonded interface – experiments and CZM
Pei He, Marcio Moreira Arouche, Mathieu Koetsier, Marko Pavlovic
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117814
玻璃纤维-钢复合界面I型断裂行为-实验与CZM
Debonding is characterized as the governing failure mode in the innovative wrapped composite joints made with glass fiber composite material wrapped around steel hollow sections without welding. The prerequisite for predicting debonding failure of wrapped composite joints is to obtain fracture behavior of the composite-steel bonded interface. The mode I fracture behavior of the bonded interface was experimentally investigated using glass fiber composite-steel double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens. The crack length a and the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) during the test were accurately measured by analyzing the digital image correlation (DIC) data while the strain energy release rate (SERR) was calculated through the extended global method (EGM). The cohesive zone modeling (CZM) was utilized in the finite element model with the proposal of a four-linear traction-separation law to simulate the mode I fracture process. An approach is introduced to determine the critical stages of the proposed four-linear cohesive law by combining accurate measurements of crack length a and CTOD, along with SERR values. The validity of the four-linear cohesive law and the introduced approach to determine the critical stages were confirmed by good agreement in both global and local behavior between the testing and the FEA results.
玻纤复合材料无焊缠绕钢空心截面的新型包覆复合材料接头的主要失效模式是脱粘。预测包裹复合材料接头脱粘破坏的前提是获得复合材料-钢结合界面的断裂行为。采用玻璃纤维复合材料-钢双悬臂梁(DCB)试样,对粘结界面的I型断裂行为进行了实验研究。通过分析数字图像相关(DIC)数据,精确测量了试验过程中的裂纹长度a和裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD),并通过扩展全局法(EGM)计算了应变能释放率(SERR)。在有限元模型中采用内聚区建模(CZM),提出了四线牵引-分离规律来模拟I型断裂过程。通过结合裂纹长度a和CTOD的精确测量以及SERR值,介绍了一种方法来确定所提出的四线性内聚规律的关键阶段。四线性内聚律和引入的关键阶段确定方法的有效性得到了验证,测试结果与有限元结果在整体和局部行为上都很吻合。
Modeling anisotropic friction in triaxial overbraiding simulations
A.N. Vu, W.J.B. Grouve, L.L. Warnet, R. Akkerman
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107958
三轴编织模拟中各向异性摩擦的建模
Triaxial overbraiding is a highly intricate textile manufacturing process that involves interlacing yarns in three directions, enhancing reinforcement of the final composite compared to biaxial braids. Predictive process simulation is a cost-effective approach to optimizing the manufacturing process. Previous research on biaxial overbraiding simulations indicates that yarn-yarn friction has a significant effect on the braid angle and convergence zone length. This study presents an extended yarn interaction model; it utilizes a fast frontal approach and a Eulerian on Lagrangian method to simulate the complex interlacing of multiple yarns in triaxial overbraiding, including yarn-yarn and yarn-ring friction. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of UD yarn tension on the convergence zone length and braid angle, and to validate the simulations. The model validation shows that a recently proposed anisotropic yarn-yarn friction model predicts braid angle more accurately than an isotropic friction model.
三轴编织是一种高度复杂的纺织制造工艺,涉及在三个方向上交织纱线,与双轴编织相比,增强了最终复合材料的增强性。预测过程仿真是优化制造过程的一种经济有效的方法。已有的双轴编织模拟研究表明,纱线间摩擦对编织角和收敛区长度有显著影响。本文提出了一种扩展的纱线相互作用模型;采用快速正面法和欧拉-拉格朗日法模拟了三轴编织中多根纱线的复杂交织,包括纱线与纱线之间的摩擦和纱线与纱环之间的摩擦。通过实验考察了UD纱线张力对汇聚区长度和编织角的影响,验证了仿真结果。模型验证表明,新提出的各向异性纱线摩擦模型比各向同性摩擦模型更能准确地预测编织角。
3D-printed stepped structure based on graphene-FeSiAl composites for broadband and wide-angle electromagnetic wave absorption
Chao Yang, Enyi He, Peng Yang, Qi Gao, Tangming Yan, Xicong Ye, Yongsheng Ye, Haihua Wu
doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.111135
基于石墨烯- fesal复合材料的宽带广角电磁波吸收3d打印阶梯结构
The design and preparation of absorbers with ultra-wide bandwidth and wide-angle absorption characteristics are crucial technologies for addressing electromagnetic (EM) pollution. In this paper, a stepped structure absorber was fabricated of graphene (GR)-FeSiAl/polylactic acid (PLA) composite by 3D printing technology. The absorber contains four layers, the bottom layer being a slab with periodic square holes, and the upper layer is a periodic distribution of three cubes with equal thickness and gradient changes in side length. It is shown that the stepped structure achieves a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −36.01 dB, with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, corresponding to the bandwidth of RL < −10 dB) of 12.75 GHz. These results were obtained when the unit cell had a side length of 22.5 mm, the slab thickness was 1.5 mm, and the cube had a thickness and edge length difference of 2.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the value of EAB is greater than 10 GHz for both transverse electric (TE) polarization and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization when the incident angle changes from 0° to 50°. The broadband and efficient EM wave (EMW) absorption characteristics of this absorber can be attributed to integration of excellent impedance matching and the multi-scale loss mechanisms.
设计和制备具有超宽带宽和广角吸收特性的吸收剂是解决电磁污染的关键技术。采用3D打印技术制备了石墨烯(GR)- fesal /聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料的阶梯结构吸波材料。吸收器由四层组成,底层为具有周期性方孔的板状结构,上层为具有等厚度和边长梯度变化的三个立方体的周期性分布。结果表明,阶梯形结构的最小反射损耗(RLmin)为−36.01 dB,有效吸收带宽(EAB,对应于RL带宽 < −10 dB)为12.75 GHz。这些结果是在单元格边长为22.5 mm,板坯厚度为1.5 mm,立方体的厚度和边长分别为2.5 mm和4.0 mm时得到的。当入射角在0°~ 50°范围内变化时,横向电极化和横向磁极化的EAB值均大于10 GHz。该吸波器具有宽带、高效的电磁波吸收特性,主要归功于其良好的阻抗匹配和多尺度损耗机制的结合。
Effect of hygrothermal aging on compression behavior of CFRP material with different layups
Yuchi Liu, Han Wang, Huiming Ding, Haijin Wang, Yunbo Bi
doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.111134
湿热老化对不同铺层CFRP材料压缩性能的影响
This study investigates the mechanical degradation mechanism and statistical analysis of residual compressive strength of three lay-up laminates under more than one-year seawater environment. Fick and Langmuir model were used to describe the moisture absorption process with a maximum moisture equilibrium content of 3.78% and various characterization methods were used to reveal the microstructural evolution of CFRP during aging. Experimental results demonstrate that the multiple fiber directions in the MD specimens provide additional moisture absorption channels, leading to a stronger wicking effect and a higher equilibrium moisture content. The layups can significantly affect the compression failure mode after long-term aging. The compressive strength of the cross-ply and multidirectional laminates decreased by 50% while that of unidirectional laminates decreased by 28%, and surface cracking is easily observed in the aged specimens. An empirical prediction model based on the Langmuir model and experimental data is proposed and verified by the data from the literature, with at least a 10% improvement in prediction accuracy. Meanwhile the three-parameter Weibull distribution was used to describe the residual compressive strength after hygrothermal aging and tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. It is expected to provide insight for the application of CFRP in seawater environment.
研究了三种层压板在一年多海水环境下的力学退化机理和残余抗压强度的统计分析。采用Fick和Langmuir模型描述CFRP在最大水分平衡含量为3.78%时的吸湿过程,并采用多种表征方法揭示CFRP在老化过程中的微观结构演变。实验结果表明,MD样品中的多个纤维方向提供了额外的吸湿通道,从而导致更强的排湿效果和更高的平衡含水率。铺层对长期老化后的压缩破坏模式有显著影响。交叉层合板和多向层合板的抗压强度下降了50%,单向层合板的抗压强度下降了28%,并且在时效过程中容易观察到表面开裂。提出了基于Langmuir模型和实验数据的经验预测模型,并通过文献数据进行了验证,预测精度至少提高了10%。采用三参数威布尔分布描述湿热老化后的残余抗压强度,并进行了Kolmogorov-Smirnov试验。为碳纤维增强塑料在海水环境中的应用提供参考。
Temperature-dependent mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced polymer nanocomposites: Micromechanical modeling and interfacial analysis
Mengqing Yang, Lei Cao, Pingping Yang, Jun Jiang, Weifu Sun, Ying Li, Weiguo Li
doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.111143
石墨烯纳米板增强聚合物纳米复合材料的温度依赖力学性能:微观力学建模和界面分析
One of the challenges to be addressed in the reasonable prediction of the mechanical properties of nanocomposites at elevated temperatures is the quantitative characterization of the temperature-dependent interfacial behavior. In this study, the temperature-dependent mechanical properties for graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced polymer-matrix nanocomposites are modeling based on the nonlinear interfacial shear stress transfer mechanism. Besides, the influence of interfacial debonding, polymer matrix plasticity, thermomechanical parameters of components, and their evolution with temperature, as well as the orientation, dimensions and volume fractions of GNPs is considered. The Young's modulus, yield/ultimate strength, and stress-strain relationships at elevated temperatures are predicted and are verified by the available experimental data. Compared to the extended room-temperature models previously established, the proposed model considering the microscopic structures achieves higher prediction accuracy with only basic material parameters input. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent interfacial mechanical behavior is analyzed. The initial strain of debonding and the maximum debonding ratio of the interface at elevated temperatures are calculated. The micromechanical modeling establishes the quantitative relationships between the temperature-dependent interfacial behavior and the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. This study deepens the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the interface and their evolution with temperature, which contributes to the prediction of the high-temperature mechanical performance and reliability analysis of nanocomposites.
在合理预测纳米复合材料在高温下的力学性能时,需要解决的挑战之一是对温度相关界面行为的定量表征。在本研究中,基于非线性界面剪切应力传递机制,对石墨烯纳米片增强聚合物基纳米复合材料的温度依赖力学性能进行了建模。此外,还考虑了界面脱粘、聚合物基体塑性、组分热力学参数及其随温度的变化,以及GNPs的取向、尺寸和体积分数等因素的影响。预测了高温下的杨氏模量、屈服/极限强度和应力-应变关系,并通过现有的实验数据进行了验证。与已有的扩展室温模型相比,考虑微观结构的模型在仅输入基本材料参数的情况下具有更高的预测精度。此外,还分析了随温度变化的界面力学行为。计算了高温条件下界面的初始脱粘应变和最大脱粘比。微观力学模型建立了纳米复合材料界面行为与力学性能之间的定量关系。该研究加深了对界面力学行为及其随温度变化的理解,有助于纳米复合材料高温力学性能的预测和可靠性分析。