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【新文速递】2024年1月22日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章

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今日更新:Composite Structures 4 篇,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 1 篇,Composites Science and Technology 1 篇

Composite Structures

Numerical and Experimental Validation of Fiber Metal Laminate Structure for Li-ion Battery Protection Subjected to High-velocity Impact Loading

Sigit Puji Santosa, Teresa Nirmala

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117924

高速冲击载荷下金属纤维层压结构对锂离子电池保护的数值与实验验证

A novel structural protection for a Li-ion battery module based on fiber metal laminate (FML) was developed to address Electric Vehicle (EV) ground impact issues on the road. A new high-velocity impact test methodology to verify the battery structural protections and experimental validation was proposed. The FML was chosen due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Finite element models, which consist of FML and lithium ferro phosphate batteries, were developed and iterated to find the best structural configuration. The numerical simulation results correlated well with the experiments. The FML model simulation allows for observation of the step-by-step perforation process and failure modes of the FML. In the full model experiment, the safety valve of the battery was compressed for 3.28 mm (3.42 mm in simulation). The subsequent experiment showed that the FML exhibited good protection for lithium-ion batteries, which was indicated by no change in the battery voltages during the high-velocity impact test.

为了解决电动汽车在道路上的地面碰撞问题,开发了一种基于纤维金属层压板(FML)的新型锂离子电池模块结构保护。提出了一种新的高速冲击试验方法来验证电池的结构保护和实验验证。选择FML是因为它的高强度重量比。建立了由FML和磷酸铁锂电池组成的有限元模型,并进行了迭代,以找到最佳的结构配置。数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。FML模型模拟允许观察逐步穿孔过程和FML的失效模式。在全模型实验中,电池安全阀被压缩3.28 mm(仿真为3.42 mm)。随后的实验表明,FML对锂离子电池具有良好的保护作用,在高速冲击试验中电池电压没有变化。


Effect of fibre hybridization and stacking sequence on the low velocity impact response of flax/basalt/aluminum composite-metal joints

Muhammad Umar bin Ashraf, Aamir Mubashar, Manzar Masud, Hassan Ejaz, Syed Hameed Hussain, Muhammad Subhan Dilawar

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117925

纤维杂化和叠层顺序对亚麻/玄武岩/铝复合金属接头低速冲击响应的影响

A lot of composite materials with better impact resistance and better strength and stiffness can be manufactured these days. Many researchers have been using different materials to form new composites to understand their impact performance. This paper discusses such an attempt to make new composites by utilizing the concept of hybridization and then proposes which among them has better strength and performance under low-velocity impact (LVI) loading. In this work, circular patches of composites made up of a combination of basalt and flax fibers were used while being bonded with aluminum plate Al 2024-T3 of 3 mm thickness. The three different configurations which include asymmetric, symmetric, and sandwich were prepared using vacuum assisted bagging process and their impact performances were investigated using the Drop Weight Impact test. The results obtained were analyzed and they concluded that the asymmetric configuration of basalt/flax composite has better impact resistance, and strength and is better to use in structural components of automobiles, and the defense industry as compared to the other two.

目前可以制造出许多具有更好的抗冲击性和更好的强度和刚度的复合材料。许多研究人员一直在使用不同的材料来形成新的复合材料,以了解它们的冲击性能。本文利用杂化的概念对这种制备新型复合材料的尝试进行了讨论,并提出了在低速冲击载荷下哪种材料的强度和性能更好。在这项工作中,使用由玄武岩纤维和亚麻纤维组合而成的圆形斑块复合材料,同时与3 mm厚度的铝板Al 2024-T3粘合。采用真空辅助装袋工艺制备了非对称、对称和夹层三种不同的装袋结构,并通过落锤冲击试验研究了它们的冲击性能。对所得结果进行了分析,得出结论:玄武岩/亚麻复合材料的不对称结构与其他两种相比,具有更好的抗冲击性和强度,更适合用于汽车结构件和国防工业。


Lightweight honeycomb furniture panels with discreetly located strengthening blocks

Jerzy Smardzewski, Maciej Tokarczyk

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117927

 

轻巧的蜂窝家具面板与谨慎定位的加强块

Furniture manufacturers indicate they know the benefits of lightweight honeycomb panels but still expect their higher mechanical properties. This work presents a numerical and experimental approach to designing new tables manufactured of paper honeycomb panels with discreetly arranged reinforcing blocks in the core. The main goal was to determine whether the discrete arrangement of the blocks affects the strength and amount of energy absorbed by the newly designed tables and stiffness of honeycomb panels. Optimization reduced the weight of the panels by up to 30%. At the same time, their linear elastic modulus was increased from 1579 MPa to 1771 MPa. After ten load cycles, tables with discrete reinforcements have a stiffness up 86.85% to 87.20% of the stiffness of the reference table. After destructive tests up 89.96% to 91.16%. Ultimately, the test results demonstrate the effectiveness of replacing wide slats with discreetly placed reinforcing blocks in the core structure.

家具制造商表示,他们知道轻质蜂窝板的好处,但仍然期望其更高的机械性能。这项工作提出了一种数值和实验方法来设计由纸蜂窝板制造的新桌子,在核心处精心布置增强块。设计的主要目标是确定砖块的离散排列是否会影响新设计的桌子和蜂窝板的刚度所吸收的能量和强度。优化后的面板重量减少了30%。同时,其线弹性模量由1579 MPa提高到1771 MPa。经过10次荷载循环后,离散加筋表的刚度比参考表的刚度高86.85% ~ 87.20%。经破坏性试验上升89.96%至91.16%。最终,试验结果证明了在核心结构中用谨慎放置的配筋块代替宽板板的有效性。


Modelling of Mode I Delamination using a Stress Intensity Factor Enhanced Cohesive Zone Model

Devon C. Hartlen, John Montesano, Duane S. Cronin

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117928

基于应力强度因子增强内聚区模型的I型分层建模

Cohesive zone modelling is a common approach to capture delamination in composite laminate structures. Recent experimental advancements now enable the direct measurement of Mode I traction-separation responses (TSRs) from a single specimen using the composite rigid double cantilever beam (cRDCB), overcoming a major obstacle in using cohesive zone modelling to model delamination. However, TSRs measured experimentally with the cRDCB specimen capture damage response as well as the stiffness contribution of the adjacent laminae, which can introduce significant artificial compliance into numerical models when modelling delamination separately from intralaminar behaviour. A two-stage analysis procedure utilizing a crack tip compensation function is presented to enhance the TSRs measured with the cRDCB specimen to accurately model Mode I delamination. The analysis procedure is demonstrated to improve the accuracy of delamination prediction within the statistical variation of published experimental data. Furthermore, the transferability of TSRs measured with cRDCB specimens is explored using available experimental DCB data. It is shown that the onset of damage and early damage behaviours measured with the cRDCB specimen appear to be transferable between geometries, whilst large-scale damage mechanics remain geometry dependent.

内聚区建模是捕获复合材料层合结构中分层现象的常用方法。最近的实验进展现在可以使用复合刚性双悬臂梁(cRDCB)直接测量单个试样的I型牵引分离响应(tsr),克服了使用内聚区建模来模拟分层的主要障碍。然而,用cRDCB试样实验测量的tsr捕获了损伤响应以及相邻层的刚度贡献,当将分层与层内行为分开建模时,这可能会在数值模型中引入显著的人工顺应性。提出了一种利用裂纹尖端补偿函数的两阶段分析程序,以提高用cRDCB试样测量的tsr,以准确地模拟I型分层。结果表明,该分析方法可以在已发表实验数据的统计变异范围内提高分层预测的准确性。此外,利用现有的实验数据,探讨了用cRDCB样品测量的tsr的可转移性。研究表明,用cRDCB试样测量的损伤开始和早期损伤行为似乎可以在几何形状之间转移,而大规模损伤力学仍然依赖于几何形状。


Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

A dual cone actuator with high energy density and long fatigue life by developing a nano-silica reinforced dielectric elastomer composite

Yuhao Wang, Yingjie Jiang, Wenpeng Zang, Xuzhi Ma, Wenju Wu, Jiashuai Yao, Nanying Ning, Ming Tian

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108039

利用纳米二氧化硅增强介电弹性体复合材料制备高能量密度、长疲劳寿命的双锥致动器

Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is considered as one of the most promising soft actuators due to its light weight, good flexibility, high actuated strain and energy density. Herein, a novel DEA material is developed by introducing a kind of SiO2 nanoparticles with strong interfacial polarizability into polydimethyl(methylvinyl) siloxane (PMVS). The 7.5 SiO2/PMVS DEA exhibits a high actuated strain of 31.3% and blocked stress of 68.4 kPa, 2.4 and 2.9 times of pure PMVS DEA. A dual cone DEA (DCDEA) device was self-designed by using 7.5 SiO2/PMVS films, which possesses a high actuated displacement of 1.3 mm, output force of 0.3 N and energy density of 4.7 J/kg. More importantly, because of the high elasticity and strong interfacial interaction, the 7.5 SiO2/PMVS DCDEA exhibits a long fatigue life of 500,000 times, and thus a full-life energy density of 2.3×106 J/kg, 39 times higher than that of the VHB based DCDEA.

介质弹性体作动器(DEA)因其重量轻、柔韧性好、致动应变和能量密度高而被认为是最有前途的软作动器之一。本文将具有强界面极化能力的SiO2纳米颗粒引入聚二甲基(甲基乙烯基)硅氧烷(PMVS)中,制备了一种新型的DEA材料。7.5 SiO2/PMVS DEA的驱动应变高达31.3%,阻滞应力为68.4 kPa,分别是纯PMVS DEA的2.4倍和2.9倍。采用7.5 SiO2/PMVS薄膜自行设计了双锥DEA (DCDEA)装置,其驱动位移为1.3 mm,输出力为0.3 N,能量密度为4.7 J/kg。更重要的是,由于高弹性和强界面相互作用,7.5 SiO2/PMVS DCDEA具有50万次的长疲劳寿命,因此其全寿命能量密度为2.3×106 J/kg,比基于VHB的DCDEA高39倍。


Composites Science and Technology

Constructing a new multiscale “soft-rigid-soft” interfacial structure at the interphase to improve the interfacial performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites

Yongke Tan, Junhui Liu, Yujing Li, Qi Wang, Weibo Zhou, Yuhui Ao, Ming Li

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110458

 

在界面构建一种新的多尺度“软-硬-软”界面结构,以提高碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料的界面性能

The high strength and toughness of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) are the main requirements for their properties in various fields. Herein, the “soft-rigid-soft” structure has been designed by us to achieve the aim of the improvement for the CFRP strength and toughness simultaneously. The soft-rigid-soft structural interface layer of CF was firstly constructed by carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Tannin/Aminopropyl isobutyl POSS (TA/NH2-POSS). The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the modified carbon fiber composite was 111.94 MPa, which was 84.08 % higher than that of the untreated fiber (60.81 MPa). Moreover the interlaminar shear strength(ILSS) and impact strength were increased by 50.43 % and 80.37 %. Enhancement of interface performance is mainly ascribed to CNT and TA/NH2-POSS, because they can effectively which is more effective to consume energy and decentralize stress. In this paper, the strength and toughness of CFRPs ware effectively improved by the in-depth and detailed design of the “soft-rigid-soft” multi-scale structure.

碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRPs)的高强度和高韧性是其在各个领域性能的主要要求。为此,我们设计了“软-刚-软”结构,以达到同时提高CFRP强度和韧性的目的。首先用碳纳米管(CNT)和单宁/氨基丙基异丁基POSS (TA/NH2-POSS)构建了CF的软-硬-软结构界面层。改性碳纤维复合材料的界面抗剪强度(IFSS)为111.94 MPa,比未改性碳纤维复合材料(60.81 MPa)提高了84.08 %。层间剪切强度(ILSS)和冲击强度分别提高了50.43 %和80.37 %。纳米碳纳米管和TA/NH2-POSS对界面性能的增强主要归功于它们能有效地消耗能量和分散应力。本文通过对“软-刚-软”多尺度结构进行深入细致的设计,有效地提高了cfrp的强度和韧性。



来源:复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM
ACTMechanical疲劳复合材料碰撞汽车UGUMLMS裂纹材料多尺度试验
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首次发布时间:2024-11-05
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【新文速递】2024年1月8日固体力学SCI期刊最新文章

今日更新:International Journal of Solids and Structures 3 篇,Mechanics of Materials 1 篇,Thin-Walled Structures 2 篇International Journal of Solids and StructuresAnalysis of Frictionless Contact between a Spherical Indenter and a Poroviscoelastic Medium with a Constant Contact RadiusYu-Yun Lindoi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112643球形压头与接触半径恒定的多孔弹性介质之间的无摩擦接触分析The research aims to understand the force relaxation that occurs when a spherical indenter is pressed into poroviscoelastic materials, which exhibit viscoelastic properties of solid network and drainage behavior of infiltrated fluid. To achieve this, an analytical approach is proposed to model spherical indentation on a poroviscoelastic medium under the condition of a constant contact radius. This analysis is conducted in the Laplace-transformed domain, and provides closed-form expressions in the transformed domain for both the normal approach and the contact force of the indenter while maintaining a fixed contact radius. These expressions are then numerically inverse-transformed to the time domain for practical analysis. To account for different scenarios, we consider various combinations of drainage conditions at the top and smoothness conditions at the bottom of the medium. We examine three categories of viscoelastic solid behavior, as understanding how they respond under indentation is crucial for characterizing their mechanical behavior. Additionally, we conduct finite element simulations of spherical indentation on poroviscoelastic media, serving as a comparison to the semi-analytic results obtained. Notably, the thickness of the medium relative to the contact radius and the Poisson's ratio play significant roles in the evolution of both the normal approach and contact force of the spherical indenter over time.该研究旨在了解球形压头压入多孔弹性材料时发生的力松弛,多孔弹性材料表现出固体网络的粘弹性和渗透流体的排水行为。为此,我们提出了一种分析方法,在接触半径恒定的条件下对多孔弹性介质上的球形压头进行建模。该分析在拉普拉斯变换域中进行,并在变换域中提供了保持固定接触半径的压头法向和接触力的闭式表达式。然后将这些表达式数值反变换到时域,进行实际分析。为了考虑不同的情况,我们考虑了介质顶部排水条件和底部光滑条件的各种组合。我们对三类粘弹性固体行为进行了研究,因为了解它们在压痕作用下的反应对于描述其机械行为至关重要。此外,我们还对多孔粘弹性介质上的球形压痕进行了有限元模拟,以与半解析结果进行比较。值得注意的是,介质相对于接触半径的厚度和泊松比对球形压头的法向接近和接触力随时间的演变起着重要作用。Plane strain problem of flexoelectric cylindrical inhomogeneitiesJinchen Xie, Christian Linderdoi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.112649柔电圆柱不均匀体的平面应变问题In nanotechnology, flexoelectric solids exhibit notable electrical polarization induced by internal strain gradients, rendering them promising for various applications. However, inherent material imperfections are inevitable. Particularly within flexoelectric solids, substantial strain gradients exist in proximity to internal defects, resulting in localized concentration of electrical polarization and potential structural failure. Among the various defect types, circular-shaped inhomogeneity is prevalent. This paper comprehensively investigates the plane strain problem on cylindrical inhomogeneities within flexoelectric solids. The full-field analytical solution is derived for this problem for the first time. Given that flexoelectric theory encompasses pure strain gradient elasticity theory, the strain gradient elasticity solution for plane strain cylindrical inhomogeneities is also established for the first time. This study reveals that the stiffness and size of the inhomogeneity, along with the loading ratio in two directions, exert a noteworthy influence on the local electromechanical coupling behavior near the inhomogeneity. Finally, the mixed finite element method is utilized to approximate the solution numerically, and the close agreement between the finite element results and the analytical solution demonstrates this study’s reliability and rigor. Therefore, this investigation imparts valuable insights into examining defects in flexoelectric solids and serves as a foundation for studying more intricate defect typologies.在纳米技术中,挠电固体在内部应变梯度的诱导下表现出显著的电极化,使其在各种应用中大有可为。然而,材料固有的缺陷是不可避免的。特别是在挠电固体内部,大量应变梯度存在于内部缺陷附近,从而导致局部电极化集中和潜在的结构失效。在各种缺陷类型中,圆弧形不均匀性最为普遍。本文全面研究了挠电固体内部圆柱形不均匀体的平面应变问题。首次推导出该问题的全场解析解。鉴于挠电理论包含纯应变梯度弹性理论,本文还首次建立了平面应变圆柱不均匀体的应变梯度弹性解。研究发现,非均质体的刚度和尺寸以及两个方向的加载比对非均质体附近的局部机电耦合行为有显著影响。最后,利用混合有限元法对解法进行了数值逼近,有限元结果与分析解法之间的密切吻合证明了本研究的可靠性和严谨性。因此,这项研究为研究挠性固体中的缺陷提供了宝贵的见解,并为研究更复杂的缺陷类型奠定了基础。Incompatible-mode geometrically non-linear finite element for micropolar elasticitySara Grbčić Erdelj, Adnan Ibrahimbegović, Gordan Jelenićdoi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.112647微弹性的不相容模式几何非线性有限元In this work a new three-dimensional geometrically non-linear hexahedral micropolar finite element enhanced with incompatible modes is presented. The analytical model is expressed in terms of Biot-like stress and couple-stress tensors and corresponding Biot-like strain and curvature tensors, with a linear, elastic and isotropic constitutive law. The numerical model is derived based on the principle of virtual work, and the residual derivation together with the linearisation and static condensation procedure is given in detail. The newly developed finite element is tested against the analytical solution of the geometrically non-linear micropolar pure bending problem and the element accuracy and robustness is compared against hexahedral Lagrangian finite elements of first and second order on several numerical examples. It is shown that the newly presented element is fast convergent, more robust and more accurate than the available Lagrangian elements. Moreover, the operator split and static condensation provide for a significantly lower computational cost than standard elements.本研究提出了一种新的三维几何非线性六面体微波有限元增强不相容模式。分析模型由类毕奥应力和耦合应力张量以及相应的类毕奥应变和曲率张量表示,并采用线性、弹性和各向同性的构成定律。数值模型是根据虚功原理推导出来的,并详细介绍了残差推导、线性化和静态压缩过程。新开发的有限元根据几何非线性微波纯弯曲问题的分析解法进行了测试,并在几个数值示例中与一阶和二阶六面体拉格朗日有限元进行了精确性和鲁棒性比较。结果表明,与现有的拉格朗日有限元相比,新提出的有限元收敛速度更快、鲁棒性更强、精度更高。此外,算子拆分和静态凝缩使计算成本大大低于标准元素。Mechanics of MaterialsElastic foundation-introduced defective phononic crystals for tunable energy harvestingGongye Zhang, Zhuangzhuang He, Shaopeng Wang, Jun Hong, Yu Cong, Shuitao Gudoi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2024.104909 用于可调能量采集的弹性基础引入缺陷声子晶体Defective phononic crystals offer the advantage of concentrating elastic waves, thereby enhancing the potential for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH). However, a key limitation is their reliance on a fixed operating frequency, rendering them susceptible to the prevailing vibration environment. To surmount this constraint, this study introduces a novel approach involving a tunable elastic foundation system for defective phononic crystal structures. The newly developed phononic crystal is fashioned by integrating a periodically elastic foundation beneath a uniform beam. A defect is induced by selectively removing specific elastic foundations and integrating piezoelectric components. Explicit analytical solutions are established through the transfer matrix method and the spectral element method, which are subsequently corroborated via comparison with finite element results. The findings underscore that the periodic elastic foundations impart bandgaps in the elastic wave band structure. The absence of specific elastic foundations results in the emergence of distinct defect modes. Additionally, frequency response analysis exposes the potential for energy enhancement, albeit with inherent variations. Noteworthy is the revelation that manipulating the stiffness of the elastic foundation triggers shifts in the resonant frequency of the output voltage. Therefore, the proposed tunable elastic foundation system exhibits promising potential to engender versatile and adaptive phononic crystal configurations, thereby advancing the domain of PEH.有缺陷声子晶体具有集中弹性波的优势,从而提高了压电能量收集(PEH)的潜力。然而,它们的一个主要局限是依赖于固定的工作频率,因此容易受到普遍振动环境的影响。为了克服这一限制,本研究引入了一种新方法,涉及一种用于缺陷声波晶体结构的可调弹性基础系统。新开发的声波晶体是通过在均匀梁下集成一个周期性弹性基础而形成的。通过有选择性地移除特定弹性基础并集成压电元件,可诱发缺陷。通过传递矩阵法和谱元法建立了显式解析解,并随后通过与有限元结果的比较加以证实。研究结果表明,周期性弹性地基在弹性波段结构中产生了带隙。缺乏特定的弹性基础会导致出现不同的缺陷模式。此外,频率响应分析揭示了能量增强的潜力,尽管存在固有的差异。值得注意的是,操纵弹性地基的刚度会引发输出电压谐振频率的变化。因此,所提出的可调弹性地基系统具有产生多功能、自适应声波晶体配置的巨大潜力,从而推动了 PEH 领域的发展。Thin-Walled StructuresInstabilities of an inflated and extended doubly fiber-reinforced cylindrical membrane under damage processes and different natural configurations of its constituents with application to abnormal artery dilationHeiko Topol, Hojjat Nazari, Marcus Stoffel, Bernd Markert, Jesús Lacalle, José Merodiodoi:10.1016/j.tws.2024.111562充气和伸展的双纤维增强圆柱膜在损伤过程中的不稳定性及其成分的不同自然构型在异常动脉扩张中的应用This article studies extended and inflated tubes made of doubly fiber-reinforced hyperelastic material in which the constituents undergo damage processes at large deformations. Damage processes are initiated by a combination of external loads and material characteristics including volume changes in the ground substance matrix and constituents with different natural configurations. The inflation of such a cylinder is stable at relatively small deformations. Under higher inflation pressures the cylinder is likely to develop various types of instabilities that are shown to be related to loading, geometry, and (current) mechanical properties of the solid. Analyses focus on the role of material volume changes, fiber pre-stretch, and damage processes in the initiation of bulging and inflation-jump instabilities.本文研究了由双纤维增强超弹性材料制成的延伸管和充气管,其中的成分在大变形时会发生损坏过程。破坏过程由外部载荷和材料特性(包括地层物质基体的体积变化和具有不同自然构型的成分)共同引发。在变形相对较小的情况下,这种圆柱体的充气是稳定的。在较高的充气压力下,圆柱体可能会出现各种类型的不稳定性,这些不稳定性与加载、几何形状和固体的(当前)机械特性有关。分析的重点是材料体积变化、纤维预拉伸和损伤过程在引发隆起和充气跳跃不稳定性中的作用。Nonlinear topology optimization on thin shells using a reduced-order elastic shell modelFan Feng, Shiying Xiong, Hiroki Kobayashi, Yuqing Zhou, Masato Tanaka, Atsushi Kawamoto, Tsuyoshi Nomura, Bo Zhudoi:10.1016/j.tws.2024.111566利用减阶弹性壳模型对薄壳进行非线性拓扑优化We present a novel numerical algorithm to perform nonlinear topology optimization on elastic thin shells. The main component of our method is a differentiable thin-shell simulator based on discrete differential geometry (DDG) discretization and the projected Newton method to solve geometrically nonlinear elasticity and its derivatives on a triangle mesh. We build a density-based topology optimization algorithm, enhanced by a density filter and a Heaviside projection scheme, to emerge and optimize topologically complex shell structures on curved surfaces. We validate our approach using standard test cases for nonlinear topology optimization and demonstrate the efficacy of our method by tackling highly nonlinear topology optimization problems by producing complex and high-resolution shell structural designs under various load conditions.我们提出了一种对弹性薄壳进行非线性拓扑优化的新型数值算法。我们方法的主要组成部分是基于离散微分几何(DDG)离散化和投影牛顿法的可微分薄壳模拟器,用于求解三角形网格上的几何非线性弹性及其导数。我们建立了一种基于密度的拓扑优化算法,并通过密度滤波器和海维塞德投影方案进行了增强,以在曲面上出现并优化拓扑复杂的壳结构。我们使用非线性拓扑优化的标准测试案例验证了我们的方法,并通过在各种载荷条件下生成复杂的高分辨率壳结构设计来解决高度非线性拓扑优化问题,从而证明了我们方法的有效性。来源:复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM

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