【新文速递】2024年2月9日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章_ACT_Mechanical_Additive_Optical_System_振动_疲劳_断裂_复合材料_非线性_化学_航空_航天_建筑_电子_裂纹_BIM_理论_化机

【新文速递】2024年2月10日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章

今日更新：Composite Structures 3 篇，Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 4 篇，Composites Part B: Engineering 2 篇，Composites Science and Technology 1 篇Composite StructuresInterface microstructures and mechanical properties of foamable precursor sandwiches and aluminum foam sandwichesShijie Yang, Hongjie Luo, Li Wang, Jie Wu, Yongliang Mu, Linli Wudoi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117961可发泡前驱体夹层和泡沫铝夹层的界面微结构和机械性能In this paper, the aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) was obtained from foamable precursor sandwich (FPS) through a foaming process, in which the preparation of FPS was achieved by compound casting with hot rolling. The effects of rolling and foaming on the interface microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. Furthermore, the interface bonding mechanisms and strengthening mechanisms were revealed. For FPSs, increasing the rolling pass increased the interface thermodynamic energy, which was beneficial to the achievement of a more effectively bonded interface. Meanwhile, the grains were refined, the fractions of low angle grain boundaries (fLGABs) and average geometrically necessary dislocation density (ρ¯GND) at the interface increased, which collectively contributed to the enhancement of interface bonding strength and ductility. In the foaming process, although the interface thermodynamic energy led to a reduction in the original interface defects and an enhancement in elements diffusion at the pre-existing well-bonded interface, AFSs displayed lower interface bonding strength and ductility compared to their corresponding FPSs due to coarse grains, decreased fLGABs and ρ¯GND. Moreover, an analysis of interface strengthening mechanisms revealed that the increase of rolling pass for FPS resulted in an improvement in the interface bonding strength and ductility of the corresponding AFS.本文通过发泡工艺从可发泡前驱体夹层（FPS）中获得了泡沫铝夹层（AFS），其中 FPS 的制备是通过热轧复合铸造实现的。研究了轧制和发泡对界面微结构和机械性能的影响。此外，还揭示了界面结合机制和强化机制。对 FPS 而言，增加轧制道次可提高界面热力学能量，有利于实现更有效的界面结合。同时，晶粒细化，界面上的低角度晶界分数（fLGABs）和平均几何必要位错密度（ρ¯GND）增加，共同促进了界面结合强度和延展性的提高。在发泡过程中，虽然界面热力学能导致原始界面缺陷减少，元素在原有良好结合界面的扩散增强，但与相应的 FPS 相比，AFSs 由于晶粒粗大、fLGABs 和 ρ¯GND 减少而显示出较低的界面结合强度和延展性。此外，对界面强化机制的分析表明，增加 FPS 的轧制次数可提高相应 AFS 的界面结合强度和延展性。Multi-stimulus responsive shape memory polyurea incorporating stress-mismatching structure for soft actuators and reversible deployable structuresWen Liu, Deyan Kong, Wei Zhao, Jinsong Lengdoi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117966采用应力失配结构的多刺激响应型形状记忆聚脲，用于软促动器和可逆展开结构Shape memory polymer (SMP) has demonstrated practical applications, including aerospace structures, medical devices, and flexible electronics. The programmability and controllability provide essential convenience for many device applications. Imperfectly, once a programmed temporary shape is deployed into a permanent shape, it cannot recover to the programmed shape without being reprogrammed. Here, through differential thermal expansion material synergistic design constructing stress-mismatching structure. The bilayer actuator is constructed, featuring excellent mechanical strength and toughness, responsive to light, humidity and electric field. the multi-dimensional cross layers of carbon material and intrinsic humidity response of shape memory polyurea (SMPU) is an active layer and PET is a passive layer. The bilayer actuator bends 140 ° within 5 s under 30 V voltage and recovers quickly within 20 s. Controlling the angle of light, the wheeled robot could crawl back and forth 20 cm, also achieving the bionic actuators, and deployable structures with an automatic roll-unfold.形状记忆聚合物（SMP）已在航空航天结构、医疗设备和柔性电子产品等领域得到实际应用。可编程性和可控性为许多设备应用提供了必要的便利。不完美的是，一旦编程的临时形状变成永久形状，如果不重新编程，就无法恢复到编程形状。在此，我们通过热膨胀材料差协同设计来构建应力错配结构。碳材料的多维交叉层和形状记忆聚脲（SMPU）的固有湿度响应是主动层，PET 是被动层。双层致动器在 30 V 电压下 5 秒内弯曲 140 °，20 秒内迅速恢复。控制光的角度，轮式机器人可前后爬行 20 厘米，还实现了仿生致动器，以及可自动翻滚展开的可部署结构。Anisotropic hygrothermal fracture mechanics in orthotropic materials: A novel efficient interpolating modified MLS-based EFGM employing radial basis functionS.K. Lohit, Amar K. Gaonkar, Tejas P. Gotkhindidoi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.117968正交各向异性材料中的各向异性湿热断裂力学：采用径向基函数的基于 MLS 的新型高效插值修正 EFGMA novel Wendland’s radial basis function (RBF) based Interpolating Modified MLS-based (IMMLS) technique in EFGM is proposed and demonstrated in this work. Anisotropic Hygrothermoelastic Fracture Mechanics (AHFM) problems with orthotropic material model are employed to illustrate Wendland’s RBF-based IMMLS technique and, in addition, to address the research gap in EFGM fomulations for these problems. The Wendland’s RBF-based IMMLS EFGM, like IMMLS EFGM incorporating regularised weight functions (RWF), results in interpolating shape functions which address the limitations of classical MLSA-based EFGM. To assess efficacy, an illustrative case is benchmarked with FEM. For all the EFG techniques — formulated using Wendland’s RBF, RWFs, and classical MLSA-based EFGM, L2 norm results show a good correspondence with FEM. Subsequently, a comparative study among various EFG techniques is undertaken for Mode 1 and Mixed-mode cases incorporating regular and irregular nodal configurations. In comparison to the classical MLSA-based EFGM, IMMLS results employing Wendland’s RBF and RWFs corroborate closely with FEM results and show better computational efficiency. On the other hand, Wendland’s RBF-based IMMLS yields results similar to RWF-based IMMLS with nearly similar computational efficiency and advantages. Thus, Wendland’s RBF-based IMMLS extends the class of IMMLS techniques and offers a potential tool to solve fracture mechanics problems.本研究提出并演示了一种新颖的基于 Wendland 径向基函数（RBF）的 EFGM 互推修正 MLS（IMMLS）技术。本文采用了具有正交材料模型的各向异性热弹性断裂力学（AHFM）问题来说明基于 Wendland RBF 的 IMMLS 技术，并解决了针对这些问题的 EFGM 仿真方面的研究空白。Wendland 基于 RBF 的 IMMLS EFGM 与包含正则化权重函数 (RWF) 的 IMMLS EFGM 一样，都能产生内插形状函数，从而解决基于 MLSA 的经典 EFGM 的局限性。为了评估效果，我们用有限元模型对一个示例进行了基准测试。对于所有 EFG 技术（使用 Wendland 的 RBF、RWF 和基于 MLSA 的经典 EFGM），L2 准则结果显示与 FEM 有很好的对应关系。随后，针对包含规则和不规则节点配置的模式 1 和混合模式情况，对各种 EFG 技术进行了比较研究。与经典的基于 MLSA 的 EFGM 相比，采用 Wendland 的 RBF 和 RWF 的 IMMLS 结果与有限元结果非常吻合，并显示出更高的计算效率。另一方面，基于 Wendland RBF 的 IMMLS 与基于 RWF 的 IMMLS 得出的结果相似，计算效率和优势几乎相近。因此，Wendland 基于 RBF 的 IMMLS 扩展了 IMMLS 技术的类别，为解决断裂力学问题提供了一种潜在的工具。Composites Part A: Applied Science and ManufacturingPolydopamine interface-modulated MXene-based conductive antibacterial hydrogels for on-skin health monitoring and diabetic wound healingDandan Liu, Siwei Bi, Haibo Wang, Jun Gu, Shuang Wangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108065用于皮肤健康监测和糖尿病伤口愈合的聚多巴胺界面调制 MXene 导电抗菌水凝胶Flexible health management systems integrating health monitoring and wound healing capabilities are highly desirable. Electronic skins (E-skins) based on conductive antibacterial hydrogels are an ideal platform for building flexible health management systems. Here, a multifunctional E-skin is designed based on a conductive, antibacterial, biocompatible, self-adhesive, and stretchable hydrogel (PPMAg). The PPMAg hydrogel is developed by combining a surface-modified MXene nanocomposite (PMAg) with a P(AM-co-SBMA) matrix. The PMAg nanocomposite is designed in a heterostructured configuration by depositing Ag nanoparticles on the polydopamine interface-modulated MXene nanosheets. The PPMAg-based E-skin, with a wide operating range, high sensitivity, good reproducibility, rapid responsiveness and resilience, can detect various human motions, facial expressions, and in vivo heartbeat signals. Moreover, the E-skin can also promote diabetic wound healing under electrical stimulation. Thus, this study indicates that the designed E-skin system has great potential to serve as a promising platform for the next generation flexible health management systems.集健康监测和伤口愈合功能于一体的灵活健康管理系统非常受欢迎。基于导电抗菌水凝胶的电子皮肤（E-skin）是构建灵活健康管理系统的理想平台。本文设计了一种基于导电、抗菌、生物相容性、自粘性和可拉伸水凝胶（PPMAg）的多功能电子皮肤。PPMAg 水凝胶是通过将表面改性的 MXene 纳米复合材料（PMAg）与 P（AM-co-SBMA）基质相结合而制成的。通过在聚多巴胺界面修饰的 MXene 纳米片上沉积银纳米粒子，PMAg 纳米复合材料被设计成异质结构。基于 PPMAg 的电子皮肤具有工作范围广、灵敏度高、重现性好、响应速度快和复原能力强等特点，可以检测人体的各种动作、面部表情和活体心跳信号。此外，电子皮肤还能在电刺激下促进糖尿病伤口愈合。因此，这项研究表明，所设计的电子皮肤系统具有巨大潜力，有望成为下一代灵活健康管理系统的平台。Fabrication of polydopamine-coated ZIF-67 derived Co@CN/rGO composite with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption propertiesCankun Ma, Shuojue Wang, Siyi Xie, Mengfei Yuan, Yicheng Wang, Jing Peng, Jie Kong, Maolin Zhai, Huiling Ma, Xiuqin Zhangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108066 制备具有优异电磁波吸收特性的聚多巴胺涂层 ZIF-67 衍生 Co@CN/rGO 复合材料Constructing a reasonable microstructure and component modulation is considered as an effective way to improve the absorption performance of the absorbents. Herein, a series of Co@CN/rGOs composites were obtained via simple pyrolysis of dopamine-coated ZIF-67 loaded graphene oxide (ZIF-67@PDA/GO) at a high temperature. The existence of rGO after thermal treatment effectively improved dielectric loss. The multiple heterogeneous interfaces between rGO and the carbon layers formed by the polydopamine pyrolysis facilitated the interfacial polarization and relaxation. As a result, with only 20 wt% filler content, the RLmin value of Co@CN/10%rGO reached -49.98 dB at 5.50 GHz (low frequency) with a thickness of 4.5 mm. The effective absorption bandwidth increased to 5.70 GHz (10.26-15.96 GHz) by adjusting the thickness to 2.3 mm. This work provides a facile method for the construction of multicomponent nonhomogeneous interfaces and offers a novel strategy for the design of efficient absorbents.构建合理的微观结构和组分调制被认为是提高吸收剂吸收性能的有效方法。在此，我们通过在高温下简单热解多巴胺包覆的 ZIF-67 氧化石墨烯（ZIF-67@PDA/GO），得到了一系列 Co@CN/rGOs 复合材料。热处理后 rGO 的存在有效改善了介电损耗。rGO 与多巴胺热解形成的碳层之间的多重异质界面促进了界面极化和弛豫。因此，在填料含量仅为 20 wt% 的情况下，RLmin值达到了 -49.98 dB，频率为 5.50 GHz（低频），厚度为 4.5 mm。将厚度调整到 2.3 mm 时，有效吸收带宽增加到 5.70 GHz（10.26-15.96 GHz）。这项研究为构建多组分非均质界面提供了一种简便的方法，并为设计高效吸波材料提供了一种新的策略。Vascular Carbon/Carbon composites for concentrated solar powerJose C. Cordeiro, Matt Zuzelski, Mark H. Olima, Daniel W. Crunkleton, Todd Otanicar, Hema Ramsurn, Michael W. Kellerdoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108069用于聚光太阳能发电的维管束碳/碳复合材料Due to their exceptional mechanical and thermal properties under high temperature conditions, for the first time, a novel vascular (embedded channels) Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composite was developed for use as a modular concentrated solar power (CSP) gas receiver. The fabrication process involves the combination of the vaporization of sacrificial component (VaSC) technique with conventional methods to produce C/C composites with well preserved channels. Different heat treatments were evaluated together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine optimal fabrication conditions that maintains the material and channel’s integrity. Mechanical testing confirms that structural integrity is maintained, with statistical analyses indicating no compromise in flexural strength or modulus. This research introduces an innovative pathway for efficient CSP gas receivers, which can bridge the gap towards improved energy generation efficiency in next-gen CSP plants through higher operating temperatures with the use of C/C composites.由于碳/碳（C/C）复合材料在高温条件下具有优异的机械性能和热性能，我们首次开发出一种新型血管（嵌入式通道）碳/碳（C/C）复合材料，可用作模块化聚光太阳能（CSP）气体接收器。制造工艺包括将牺牲部件气化（VaSC）技术与传统方法相结合，生产出具有完好保存通道的碳/碳复合材料。对不同的热处理和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析进行了评估，以确定保持材料和通道完整性的最佳制造条件。机械测试证实，结构的完整性得以保持，统计分析表明，抗弯强度或模量没有受到影响。这项研究为高效的 CSP 气体接收器引入了一条创新途径，通过使用 C/C 复合材料提高工作温度，为提高下一代 CSP 发电厂的发电效率架起了一座桥梁。A mesoscopic model for inter-yarn frictionA.N. Vu, W.J.B. Grouve, M.B. de Rooij, R. Akkermandoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108070纱线间摩擦的中观模型Friction between yarns is a crucial phenomenon in fabric manufacturing processes, and it becomes more complex when using lubrication agents to improve processing. This work presents an experimental investigation of the frictional behaviour of different combinations of yarns under dry and wet conditions, as occurring in overbraiding processes. The experiments were designed to maintain a constant yarn tension, and subsequently also a constant normal force and contact area during the test. Both the inter-yarn angle and the normal force significantly influence the friction coefficient. The additional contribution of the capillary force results in consistently higher friction coefficients for the water-lubricated yarns compared to the dry yarns. An anisotropic friction model is proposed to capture the influence of the inter-yarn angle, normal force, and capillary effects observed during the experiments. The model shows that the friction follows Amontons’ friction at high external normal forces and Howell’s friction at moderate normal forces.纱线之间的摩擦是织物生产过程中的一个重要现象，当使用润滑剂来改善加工过程时，这一现象变得更加复杂。这项工作介绍了对不同纱线组合在干湿条件下的摩擦行为进行的实验研究，就像在包边工艺中出现的情况一样。实验旨在保持恒定的纱线张力，并在测试过程中保持恒定的法向力和接触面积。纱线间角度和法向力对摩擦系数都有很大影响。毛细力的额外作用使得水润滑纱线的摩擦系数始终高于干纱。我们提出了一个各向异性的摩擦模型，以捕捉实验中观察到的纱线间角度、法向力和毛细管效应的影响。该模型显示，在高外部法向力时，摩擦力遵循阿蒙顿摩擦力，而在中等法向力时，摩擦力遵循豪厄尔摩擦力。Composites Part B: EngineeringEnhancing the electromagnetic interference shielding of epoxy resin composites with hierarchically structured graphite/MXene aerogelZhongjie He, Weirui Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jinliang Xie, Fangfang Su, Yuchen Li, Dongdong Yao, Yudeng Wang, Yaping Zhengdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111230用分层结构石墨/MXene 气凝胶增强环氧树脂复合材料的电磁干扰屏蔽性能Graphene aerogels (GAs) exhibits immense potential in the field of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their ultralow density, inherent conductive network, and porous structure. However, the optimization of structure and conductivity of GAs remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, a double template method was utilized to regulate the structure of graphene aerogel, resulting in a well-ordered hierarchical architecture. Subsequently, MXene was deposited on the surface of GA-1 through an immersion method to enhance the conductivity. The as-prepared MXene/graphene composite aerogel (MGA-10) showed excellent compression properties with ultra-high specific stress of 9.6 kPa cm3 mg−1 at 80% strain. Besides, due to the unique structure, the GA-x/epoxy composite (GA-x/EP) demonstrated excellent EMI shielding performances of more than 45 dB in both the C-band and X-band. The increase in conductivity and the introduction of new interfaces caused by MXene deposition further improved the EMI properties of MGAs/EP. After 10 times of deposition, MGA-10/EP displayed an impressive EMI performance above 68 dB in both the C-band and X-band. Moreover, MGA-10/EP exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance, making it highly suitable for applications such as anti-icing and deicing. This work provides a valuable idea for designing efficient EMI materials.石墨烯气凝胶（GAs）因其超低密度、固有导电网络和多孔结构，在电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽领域展现出巨大潜力。然而，如何优化 GAs 的结构和导电性仍然是一个重大挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们采用了双模板法来调节石墨烯气凝胶的结构，从而形成了一种有序的分层结构。随后，通过浸渍法在 GA-1 表面沉积了 MXene，以增强导电性。制备出的MXene/石墨烯复合气凝胶（MGA-10）显示出优异的压缩性能，在80%应变下具有9.6 kPa cm3 mg-1的超高比应力。此外，由于其独特的结构，GA-x/环氧复合材料（GA-x/EP）在 C 波段和 X 波段均表现出超过 45 dB 的优异电磁干扰屏蔽性能。MXene 沉积带来的电导率增加和新界面的引入进一步改善了 MGAs/EP 的 EMI 性能。经过 10 次沉积后，MGA-10/EP 在 C 波段和 X 波段的 EMI 性能均超过 68 dB，令人印象深刻。此外，MGA-10/EP 还具有优异的光热转换性能，因此非常适合防冰和除冰等应用。这项研究为设计高效的 EMI 材料提供了宝贵的思路。Bio-based pH-responsive microcapsules derived from Schiff base structures for acid rain protectionQin Chen, Aonan Zhang, Cheng Hao, Limin Guo, Long Bai, Jiyou Gu, Ning Yandoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111289 源自希夫碱结构的生物基 pH 响应微胶囊用于酸雨防护Self-healing technology based on microcapsules (MCs) holds great promise for preventing material performance deterioration, extending material lifespan, and reducing maintenance costs. In this study, a novel pH-responsive MC with a vanillin-based Schiff base polyurea shell and an isocyanate core was successfully prepared using interfacial polymerization. Vanillin-based Schiff base-containing triamines were synthesized, and their existence was confirmed through ATR-FTIR and 1H NMR analyses. The core-shell structures of the MCs were identified using FTIR and TGA. Additionally, the excellent response of the MCs to acid rain was demonstrated by determining the core content and recording optical images of the healing agent release process, with the fastest release rate observed at a pH of 2.98. According to the FTIR and TGA results, the release of the healing agent was continuous rather than occurring once. The MCs were incorporated into outdoor building materials (OBMs) (carbon steel, concrete, and wood) as a coating in conjunction with paint or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The pressure response, hydrogen bonding response, and hydrophobicity of the composite coating were assessed using SEM and water contact angle measurements. After subjecting the materials to 50 cycles of acid rain wet-dry tests (pH = 5.03), the carbon steel remained largely rust-free, whereas untreated carbon steel could only withstand a single cycle. Consequently, this study highlights a novel green structure and scalable manufacturing process for functional self-healing MCs, with significant implications for the advancement of stimulus-responsive composite materials and the realization of a sustainable and environmentally friendly economy.基于微胶囊（MC）的自修复技术在防止材料性能退化、延长材料寿命和降低维护成本方面大有可为。本研究采用界面聚合法成功制备了一种新型 pH 响应 MC，它具有香兰素基席夫基聚脲外壳和异氰酸酯内核。合成了含香兰素基席夫碱三胺，并通过 ATR-FTIR 和 1H NMR 分析证实了它们的存在。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和热重分析确定了 MCs 的核壳结构。此外，通过测定核心含量和记录愈合剂释放过程的光学图像，证明了 MCs 对酸雨的卓越响应，在 pH 值为 2.98 时释放速度最快。根据傅立叶变换红外光谱和热重分析结果，愈合剂的释放是连续的，而不是一次性的。MCs 作为涂层与涂料或聚乙烯醇（PVA）一起加入室外建筑材料（OBM）（碳钢、混凝土和木材）中。利用扫描电镜和水接触角测量法评估了复合涂层的压力响应、氢键响应和疏水性。在对材料进行 50 次酸雨湿-干试验（pH = 5.03）后，碳钢基本上没有生锈，而未经处理的碳钢只能承受一次酸雨湿-干试验。因此，本研究强调了功能性自修复 MC 的新型绿色结构和可扩展制造工艺，对刺激响应型复合材料的发展和实现可持续环保经济具有重要意义。Composites Science and TechnologyMultifunctional syndiotacticity-rich poly (vinyl alcohol)/MXene sediment for multilayered composite films with effective electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal conductivityFan Kang, Jiayu Wang, Ge Huang, Qunyang Li, Yongjun Chen, Zhixin Jia, Hui He, Demin Jiadoi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110490 多功能富含辛迪加活性的聚（乙烯醇）/MXene 沉积物，用于制造具有有效电磁干扰屏蔽和导热性能的多层复合薄膜Utilizing remarkable polymer matrix and efficient filler to propose an ingenious strategy for designing composite films synergistically with high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and thermal conductivity. Herein, a novel type of flexible composite film based on syndiotacticity-rich poly (vinyl alcohol) (sPVA)/modified MXene sediment (mMS) is fabricated through an alternating casting approach. The sPVA/mMS multilayered film containing effective noncovalent combining between sPVA layer and mMS layer not only presents a high strength of ∼66.3 MPa but also possesses a superior electrical conductivity of 683 S/m. Notably, the mMS layer with dense conductive and thermal networks endows the 95-μm-thick composite film with the synergy of favorable EMI SE (∼15.8 dB) in the X band and impressive in-plane thermal conductivity (3.31 W/mK, enhanced by ∼2365%). Moreover, this multilayered architecture realizes multiple internal reflection-absorption of microwaves and efficient heat dissipation, while confers the film with advantageable flame retardancy and significant water resistance. Therefore, sPVA-based composite films from MS provide a promising solution for the development of multifunctional polymeric materials tailored for upcoming electronic devices in challenging environments.利用非凡的聚合物基体和高效填料，提出了一种设计具有高电磁干扰屏蔽效能（EMI SE）和热导率的协同复合薄膜的巧妙策略。本文通过交替浇铸的方法，制备了一种基于富含辛迪加活性的聚乙烯醇（sPVA）/改性MXene沉积物（mMS）的新型柔性复合薄膜。sPVA/mMS多层膜含有sPVA层和mMS层之间有效的非共价结合，不仅具有66.3 MPa的高强度，还具有683 S/m的优异导电性。值得注意的是，mMS 层具有致密的导电和导热网络，使 95μm 厚的复合薄膜在 X 波段具有良好的 EMI SE（∼15.8 dB），同时还具有惊人的面内导热性（3.31 W/mK，增强了 ∼2365%）。此外，这种多层结构实现了微波的多重内部反射-吸收和高效散热，同时还赋予了薄膜良好的阻燃性和显著的防水性。因此，来自 MS 的基于 sPVA 的复合薄膜为开发多功能聚合物材料提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案，这种材料专为即将到来的挑战性环境中的电子设备量身定制。来源：复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM