【新文速递】2024年3月24日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章

   

今日更新：Composite Structures 6 篇，Composites Part B: Engineering 4 篇，Composites Science and Technology 1 篇

Composite Structures

Closed-form solutions for axially non-uniform Timoshenko beams and frames under static loading

Juan Camilo Molina-Villegas, Jorge Eliecer Ballesteros Ortega, Simón Benítez Soto

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118078

静载荷下轴向不均匀季莫申科梁和框架的闭式解法

This paper presents the Green’s Functions Stiffness Method (GFSM) for solving linear elastic static problems in arbitrary axially non-uniform Timoshenko beams and frames subjected to general external loads and bending moments. The GFSM is a mesh reduction method that seamlessly integrates elements from the Stiffness Method (SM), Finite Element Method (FEM), and Green’s Functions (GFs), resulting in a highly versatile methodology for structural analysis. It incorporates fundamental concepts such as stiffness matrices, shape functions, and fixed-end forces, in line with SM and FEM frameworks. Leveraging the capabilities of GFs, the method facilitates the derivation of closed-form solutions, addressing a gap in existing methods for analyzing non-uniform reticular structures which are typically limited to simple cases like single-span beams with specific axial variations and loading scenarios. The effectiveness of the GFSM is demonstrated through three practical examples, showcasing its applicability in analyzing non-uniform beams and plane frames, thereby broadening the scope of closed-form solutions for axially non-uniform Timoshenko structures.

本文介绍了格林函数刚度法（GFSM），用于解决承受一般外部荷载和弯矩的任意轴向非均匀季莫申科梁和框架的线性弹性静力问题。GFSM 是一种网格缩减方法，它无缝集成了刚度法 (SM)、有限元法 (FEM) 和格林函数 (GF) 中的元素，是一种高度通用的结构分析方法。它结合了刚度矩阵、形状函数和固定端力等基本概念，与 SM 和 FEM 框架保持一致。利用全球定位系统的功能，该方法有助于推导闭式解，弥补了现有非均匀网状结构分析方法的不足，这些方法通常仅限于简单的情况，如具有特定轴向变化和加载情况的单跨梁。我们通过三个实际案例证明了 GFSM 的有效性，展示了它在分析非均匀梁和平面框架时的适用性，从而拓宽了轴向非均匀季莫申科结构闭式解的范围。

Pseudograin decomposition of short fiber-reinforced plastics for two-step homogenization using machine learning approach

Jae-Hyuk Choi, Jewook Yang, Jinhyeok Jang, Hyunwoo Pang, Jeong-Min Cho, Woong-Ryeol Yu

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118022

利用机器学习方法对短纤维增强塑料进行两步均质化的伪粒状分解

Decomposing the representative volume element (RVE) of short fiber-reinforced plastics (SFRPs) into several pseudograins (PGs) is essential for understanding its effective mechanical behavior. However, conventional PG decomposition methodologies are limited by their high computational costs due to iteration-based algorithms. To address this, we propose a machine learning-assisted PG decomposition procedure that utilizes a series–parallel artificial neural network (ANN) system to facilitate the time-consuming decomposition process. To validate the effectiveness of our proposal, we implemented a two-step homogenization framework of SFRP that consists of the series–parallel ANN system, Mori-Tanaka model, and Voigt model into ABAQUS user material subroutine (UMAT). The elastic modulus values predicted by the UMAT are found to be in good agreement with both DIGIMAT-MF and experimental values, while also maintaining low computational time.

将短纤维增强塑料（SFRP）的代表体积元素（RVE）分解为多个伪晶粒（PG）对于了解其有效机械行为至关重要。然而，传统的 PG 分解方法受限于基于迭代算法的高计算成本。针对这一问题，我们提出了一种机器学习辅助 PG 分解程序，该程序利用串并联人工神经网络 (ANN) 系统来简化耗时的分解过程。为了验证我们建议的有效性，我们在 ABAQUS 用户材料子程序（UMAT）中实施了 SFRP 的两步均质化框架，其中包括串并联 ANN 系统、Mori-Tanaka 模型和 Voigt 模型。结果发现，UMAT 预测的弹性模量值与 DIGIMAT-MF 和实验值十分吻合，同时计算时间也很短。

Strip-based numerical analysis of CFRP-reinforced steel plates with multiple debonding defects using the Runge-Kutta method

Gang Wang, Tao Chen, Chengcheng Cao, Yuanpeng Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118059

使用 Runge-Kutta 方法对具有多个脱粘缺陷的 CFRP 加固钢板进行基于带材的数值分析

In recent years, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) have earned extensive attention in the field of structural rehabilitation. Adhesive bonding, as a prevalent technique, plays a crucial role in utilizing CFRP for strengthening steel structures. Nevertheless, debonding defects, commonly arising within the bond region between CFRP and host structures, hold the potential to induce the premature debonding failure of adhesively bonded joints. As a result, this research attempts to propose a strip-based numerical method using the explicit 4th-order Runge-Kutta technique (strip-based RK4) to investigate the full-range bond behavior of CFRP-to-steel single-lap joints with multiple arbitrary debonding defects. Also, three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEMs) of fully bonded single-lap joints were established in conjunction with cohesive zone modeling (CZM) to simulate the single-lap shear test reported in literature, based on which joints containing debonding defects were further modeled. Predictions from the proposed methodology were subsequently compared with test results and FE analysis to confirm its accuracy. Thereafter, the parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the effects of parameters, including bond length and defect position, on the bond behavior of the single-lap joint. The results indicate that the proposed strip-based RK4 method is accurate, with errors within 2% compared to FE analysis, and computationally efficient, with runtime being less than 50% of FE analysis. The findings of this study can be used as a guide for the design or damage assessment of CFRP-repaired structures in the future.

近年来，碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）在结构修复领域赢得了广泛关注。粘合剂粘接作为一种普遍的技术，在利用碳纤维增强聚合物加固钢结构方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，在 CFRP 与主体结构的粘接区域内通常会出现脱粘缺陷，这有可能导致粘接接头过早脱粘失效。因此，本研究尝试提出一种基于条带的数值方法，使用显式四阶 Runge-Kutta 技术（基于条带的 RK4）来研究具有多个任意脱粘缺陷的 CFRP 与钢单搭接接头的全范围粘接行为。此外，还结合内聚区建模（CZM）建立了全粘接单搭接接头的三维（3D）有限元模型（FEM），以模拟文献中报道的单搭接剪切试验，并在此基础上进一步对含有脱粘缺陷的接头进行建模。随后，将拟议方法的预测结果与试验结果和 FE 分析进行了比较，以确认其准确性。随后，进行了参数分析，以研究包括粘接长度和缺陷位置在内的参数对单搭接接头粘接行为的影响。结果表明，所提出的基于带材的 RK4 方法准确度高，与 FE 分析相比误差在 2% 以内，而且计算效率高，运行时间不到 FE 分析的 50%。本研究的结果可作为未来 CFRP 修复结构设计或损坏评估的指导。

An anisotropic topology optimization procedure for continuous fiber reinforced polymer structures with biaxial fiber layout for improved intersection point design

Maximilian Eckrich, Peter A. Arrabiyeh, Anna M. Dlugaj, David May

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118064

用于改进交叉点设计的双轴纤维布局连续纤维增强聚合物结构的各向异性拓扑优化程序

Fiber placement technologies allow for manufacturing of complex-shaped composite parts with load-adapted fiber orientation. For design of corresponding structures, topology optimization is well-established. However, anisotropic topology optimization approaches are often limited to unidirectional fiber orientations. In truss-like topology optimized structures, the intersections between the individual trusses are subject to multiaxial stress states. For those, a unidirectional fiber orientation is not appropriate and may not be suitable for manufacturing. In this work we propose a topology optimization procedure that allows for unidirectional but also biaxial fiber orientations. The choice between unidirectional and biaxial fiber layout is based on the stress state within the finite elements. For the biaxial fiber layout, the first fiber angle is aligned with the maximum absolute principal stress direction, while the second fiber orientation is calculated using composite net theory. Results show that considering biaxial fiber orientations leads to fiber orientations that can be better manufactured by fiber placement technologies and are considered suitable for automatic derivation of manufacturing-tolerant placement paths. Furthermore, the stress state at intersections is improved reducing the probability of inter fiber failure. In addition, consideration of biaxial fiber orientations could increase the stiffness at constant weight compared to purely unidirectional topology optimization.

通过纤维铺放技术，可以制造出形状复杂的复合材料部件，并根据载荷调整纤维取向。为设计相应的结构，拓扑优化技术已得到广泛应用。然而，各向异性拓扑优化方法通常仅限于单向纤维取向。在桁架式拓扑优化结构中，单个桁架之间的交叉点会受到多轴应力状态的影响。因此，单向纤维取向并不合适，也可能不适合制造。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种拓扑优化程序，允许单向纤维取向，也允许双轴纤维取向。单向和双轴纤维布局的选择基于有限元内的应力状态。对于双轴纤维布局，第一根纤维的角度与最大绝对主应力方向一致，而第二根纤维的取向则通过复合网理论计算得出。结果表明，考虑双轴纤维取向会导致纤维取向可以更好地通过纤维铺放技术进行制造，并被认为适合于自动推导制造容差铺放路径。此外，交叉点的应力状态也得到了改善，降低了纤维间故障的概率。此外，与纯粹的单向拓扑优化相比，考虑双轴纤维取向可提高恒定重量下的刚度。

Effective multiscale structural analysis of thick sandwich structures with 3D woven composite face sheets and a soft core based on coupled micromechanics and refined zigzag theory

A. Al-Nadhari, A. Kheyabani, A. Kefal, S. Topal, M. Yildiz

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118069

基于耦合微观力学和精炼之字形理论，对带有三维编织复合材料面片和软芯的厚夹层结构进行有效的多尺度结构分析

In this study, a novel multiscale analysis technique is presented for predicting the mechanical behavior of 3D woven composites. To this end, the model of the representative unit cell (RUC) is generated using SOLIDWORKS computer-aided design package by taking the optical microscopic images as a reference. The fiber volume fractions (FVF) of the impregnated yarns are calculated using the roving parameters and the dry fiber density for each tow separately. Homogenized properties are obtained by utilizing the finite element analysis (FEM) software ABAQUS. The proposed method simplifies the meso-modeling process of 3D woven composites as it does not require CT scanning for geometry generation or sophisticated localized fiber volume fraction measurements. The verification of the current model is carried out both in the meso scale where the RUC surface strains are compared with DIC results and in the macro scale where tensile and flexural tests are simulated and compared with the experiments. Finally, the applicability of this method is demonstrated through an assessment study of the 3D woven composites as facesheets in thick sandwich structures in an isogeometric refined zigzag framework.

本研究提出了一种新型多尺度分析技术，用于预测三维编织复合材料的力学行为。为此，以光学显微镜图像为参考，使用 SOLIDWORKS 计算机辅助设计软件包生成了代表性单元格（RUC）模型。使用粗纱参数和干纤维密度分别计算浸渍纱的纤维体积分数（FVF）。利用有限元分析（FEM）软件 ABAQUS 获得均质化特性。所提出的方法简化了三维编织复合材料的中观建模过程，因为它不需要通过 CT 扫描生成几何形状，也不需要复杂的局部纤维体积分数测量。在中观尺度（将 RUC 表面应变与 DIC 结果进行比较）和宏观尺度（模拟拉伸和弯曲测试并与实验进行比较）上对当前模型进行了验证。最后，通过对三维编织复合材料的评估研究，证明了该方法的适用性，该复合材料是等距精制之字形框架中厚夹层结构的面层。

Phase field approach to predict mixed-mode delamination and delamination migration in composites

S. Mrunmayee, A. Rajagopal, K. Rakesh, K. Basant, J.N. Reddy

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118074

预测复合材料中混合模式分层和分层迁移的相场方法

In this work, we present a mixed-mode phase field approach to model delamination progression and its migration. The proposed model includes the volumetric and deviatoric effects that occur during the mixed-mode delamination and migration. The volumetric-deviatoric split is combined with a power law criterion of delamination to capture the mixed-mode effects. An anisotropic tensor is used in the crack surface density function for capturing the anisotropic fracture. Two history parameters are introduced to ensure the irreversibility of the damage field throughout the evolution process of delamination and to consider the maximum value of the strain energy. A staggered approach is implemented for solving the equilibrium and evolution equations. The algorithm enables to obtain stable numerical solutions with faster convergence. Several examples of mode I and mode II as per standard tests have been incorporated to demonstrate the working of the proposed method. The numerical examples are validated by comparison with experimental results from the literature. It is observed that the proposed model can predict crack paths and angles closer to the experimental results. Examples of multiple delamination and delamination migration are also studied to understand the kinking in the delamination scenario. It is observed that the delamination migration is governed by the ratio of notch length a to the distance of the load from the edge L, and by the stress state in front of the crack tip. In the case of laminates with multiple interphases, the event of delamination impinging and kinking at interphase depends on the fracture toughness ratio of the bulk and the interphase. The example of the single-edge notched composite lamina and open-hole tension test with different fiber orientations has been validated with the literature and experiments.

在这项工作中，我们提出了一种混合模式相场方法来模拟分层的发展及其迁移。所提出的模型包括在混合模式分层和迁移过程中发生的体积效应和偏差效应。体积-偏差分割与脱层的幂律准则相结合，以捕捉混合模式效应。裂纹表面密度函数中使用了各向异性张量，以捕捉各向异性断裂。引入了两个历史参数，以确保整个分层演化过程中损伤场的不可逆性，并考虑应变能的最大值。采用交错方法求解平衡方程和演化方程。该算法能够获得稳定的数值解，收敛速度更快。根据标准测试，结合模式 I 和模式 II 的几个实例来演示所提议方法的工作原理。通过与文献中的实验结果进行比较，验证了数值示例的有效性。据观察，所提出的模型可以预测出更接近实验结果的裂纹路径和角度。还研究了多重分层和分层迁移的实例，以了解分层情况下的扭结。研究发现，分层迁移受缺口长度比率 a 与负载距边缘的距离之比 L 以及裂纹尖端前的应力状态。对于具有多个相间层的层压板，分层撞击和相间层扭结事件取决于板体和相间层的断裂韧性比。以单边缺口复合材料层板和不同纤维取向的开孔拉伸试验为例，与文献和实验进行了验证。

Composites Part B: Engineering

Carbon fiber reinforced structural battery composites: Progress and challenges toward industrial application

Jinrui Ye, Xiaolong Ji, Zhendong Liu, Kai Liu, Jun Li, Rengang Wang, Jingkang Wang, Qin Lei

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111411

碳纤维增强结构电池复合材料：工业应用的进展与挑战

Structural battery composites (SBCs) represent an emerging multifunctional technology in which materials functionalized with energy storage capabilities are used to build load-bearing structural components. In particular, carbon fiber reinforced multilayer SBCs are studied most extensively for its resemblance to carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures widely used in aerospace and vehicle engineering industries. A comprehensive review on the progress in multifunctional modification of carbon fiber based electrodes, structural electrolyte matrix and integration method is conducted to outline the modification methodologies available for each constituent and to elucidate the current status of the multilayer SBCs technology. Limiting factors for better multifunctional performance are identified and specifically challenges toward industrial application of multilayer SBCs are proposed. Through joint development of multifunctional technology for constituents, we believe multilayer SBCs can be an industrial viable solution for structure and energy storage integration.

结构电池复合材料（SBC）是一种新兴的多功能技术，其中具有储能功能的材料被用于制造承重结构部件。特别是碳纤维增强多层 SBC，由于其与广泛应用于航空航天和车辆工程行业的碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）结构相似，因此研究最为广泛。本文全面回顾了碳纤维基电极、结构电解质基质和集成方法的多功能改性进展，概述了针对每种成分的改性方法，并阐明了多层 SBC 技术的现状。确定了提高多功能性能的限制因素，并具体提出了多层 SBC 工业应用面临的挑战。通过共同开发成分的多功能技术，我们相信多层 SBCs 可以成为结构与储能一体化的工业可行解决方案。

An ultra-lightweight and hydrophobic piezoresistive foam with super-wide strain and pressure detection range

Xueyun Li, Shijie Cui, Minghui Wu, Jiayi Tang, Xiao Zhou, Mingxian Xu, Peng Gao, Tianyu Jiao, Long Wang, Wenge Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111412

 

超轻型疏水性压阻泡沫，具有超宽应变和压力检测范围

Achieving a piezoresistive sensor with extensive strain and pressure response range for subtle and large motion detection remains a formidable challenge. Furthermore, an advanced parameter (waterproof capability), which is critical for wearable sensors, has received insufficient attention in current research. Herein, macroscopically segregated polyolefin elastomer (POE)/carbon nanostructures (CNS) foams with a super-low density and superior waterproof were fabricated via supercritical CO2 foaming, revealing a facile and eco-friendly process. Compared to piezoresistive foams with randomly distributed structure, POE/CNS foam sensors with macroscopically segregated structure displayed an ultra-low density (∼0.1 g/cm3), and apparently improved piezoresistive behavior. Additionally, the segregated POE/CNS foams exhibited a remarkably lower percolation threshold of around 0.011 vol%, enabling stable piezoresistive capability even with an ultra-low CNS content of approximately 0.0043 vol%. Therefore, the prepared POE/CNS foam sensors (FCNS0.1 and FCNS0.5) demonstrated an exceptional strain and pressure response range (0.5–90% compression strain and approximately 0.5–3700 kPa), and the foam sensor (FCNS0.5) displayed a broad linear strain response range from 10% to 90% compression strain. Moreover, the segregated POE/CNS foams exhibited good hydrophobicity, enabling the piezoresistive foam (FCNS0.5) to maintain its sensing ability underwater. These outstanding piezoresistive performances enabled the foam sensors to monitor diverse human motions including subtle and superhigh pressure. Consequently, piezoresistive foams with exceptional performance and versatile applications lay the foundation for the development of the next generation of foam sensors.

要实现具有广泛应变和压力响应范围的压阻传感器，以检测微小和较大的运动，仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。此外，对于可穿戴传感器至关重要的高级参数（防水能力）在目前的研究中尚未得到足够重视。在此，我们通过超临界二氧化碳发泡技术制造了具有超低密度和超强防水性能的宏观分离聚烯烃弹性体（POE）/碳纳米结构（CNS）泡沫，揭示了一种简便且环保的工艺。与随机分布结构的压阻泡沫相比，具有宏观分隔结构的 POE/CNS 泡沫传感器密度超低（0.1 g/cm3），压阻行为明显改善。此外，离析 POE/CNS 泡沫的渗流阈值明显降低，约为 0.011 Vol%，即使 CNS 含量超低（约 0.0043 Vol%），也能获得稳定的压阻能力。因此，制备出的 POE/CNS 泡沫传感器（FCNS0.1 和 FCNS0.5）显示出优异的应变和压力响应范围（0.5-90% 压缩应变和约 0.5-3700 kPa），泡沫传感器（FCNS0.5）显示出从 10% 到 90% 压缩应变的宽线性应变响应范围。此外，分离的 POE/CNS 泡沫具有良好的疏水性，使压阻泡沫（FCNS0.5）能够在水下保持传感能力。这些出色的压阻性能使泡沫传感器能够监测包括细微和超高压在内的各种人体运动。因此，性能卓越、应用广泛的压阻泡沫为下一代泡沫传感器的开发奠定了基础。

A novel LDHs-VB3- inhibitor for rebar corrosion in simulated concrete pore solution: Synthesis, performance and mechanism

Ende Zhuang, Jing Li, Zheng Chen, Bo Yu, Yumei Nong

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111414

 

一种新型 LDHs-VB3- 抑制剂，用于抑制模拟混凝土孔隙溶液中钢筋的腐蚀：合成、性能和机理

Developing novel chloride-trapping inhibitors is of great significance for enhancing the durability of marine concrete structures. In this study, a novel LDHs-VB3- inhibitor was synthesized through the ion exchange method. Then, the corrosion inhibition mechanism of LDHs-VB3- inhibitor for rebar in the whole process of release - capture - adsorption - retardation was studied using experiments and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The chloride ion exchange test demonstrates that the LDHs-VB3- inhibitor has a chloride trapping capacity of 35.5 mg/g in the saturated Ca(OH)2 solution containing 0.14 M NaCl, implying that it could capture Cl− in concrete pore solution. According to the electrochemical tests, the critical chloride concentration of rebar in the simulated concrete solution containing LDHs-VB3- falls within a range of 0.22 M–0.28 M, which is much higher than that in the solution without LDHs-VB3- (0.10 M–0.14 M). DFT simulations indicate that LDHs-VB3- exhibits more positive binding energy and uneven binding forces in contrast to LDHs-Cl-. Consequently, VB3- could be easily replaced by Cl− and then released into the pore solution of concrete. Moreover, the released VB3- could adsorb on the α-Fe2O3 surface in a concrete environment via the interaction of surface Fe atoms with N and O atoms of VB3-. The preadsorbed VB3- could diminish the interaction of Cl− with the α-Fe2O3 surface by reducing electron transfer, thereby mitigating the risk of passive film breakdown and retarding the chloride-induced corrosion of rebars.

开发新型氯化物捕集抑制剂对提高海洋混凝土结构的耐久性具有重要意义。本研究通过离子交换法合成了一种新型 LDHs-VB3- 抑制剂。然后，利用实验和密度泛函理论（DFT）模拟研究了 LDHs-VB3- 抑制剂在释放-捕获-吸附-缓释全过程中对钢筋的缓蚀机理。氯离子交换试验表明，LDHs-VB3-抑制剂在含0.14 M NaCl的饱和Ca(OH)2溶液中的氯离子捕获能力为35.5 mg/g，这意味着它可以捕获混凝土孔隙溶液中的Cl-。根据电化学测试，在含有 LDHs-VB3- 的模拟混凝土溶液中，钢筋的临界氯离子浓度在 0.22 M-0.28 M 之间，远高于不含 LDHs-VB3- 的溶液（0.10 M-0.14 M）。DFT 模拟表明，与 LDHs-Cl- 相比，LDHs-VB3- 表现出更高的正结合能和不均匀的结合力。因此，VB3- 很容易被 Cl- 取代，然后释放到混凝土的孔隙溶液中。此外，释放出的 VB3- 可通过表面铁原子与 VB3- 的 N 原子和 O 原子的相互作用，吸附在混凝土环境中的α-Fe2O3 表面。预吸附的 VB3- 可通过减少电子传递来降低 Cl- 与 α-Fe2O3 表面的相互作用，从而降低被动膜破裂的风险，并减缓氯化物引起的钢筋腐蚀。

Strain rate dependence of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites

Jiahui Li, Shanqing Xu, Yvonne Durandet, Wei Gao, Xiaodong Huang, Dong Ruan

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111415

三维打印连续纤维增强复合材料的应变率依赖性

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the most popular additive manufacturing technologies in polymer 3D printing, has been increasingly used in fabricating continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) in recent years. Intensive research has been conducted on the quasi-static mechanical properties of FDM made CFRCs and the corresponding failure mechanisms. However, limited research has been reported on the dynamic mechanical behavior of CFRCs fabricated using FDM. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study to understand the deformation and load carrying capacity of FDM-fabricated continuous fiber reinforced Onyx (CFRO), with a focus on the dynamic tensile loadings up to strain rate of 100/s. The deformation and failure mechanisms of FDM-fabricated CFROs under dynamic loadings have been identified after microstructural analyses of fractured specimens. The effects of fiber type, fiber volume fraction, and strain rate on the tensile behavior have been revealed for Onyx reinforced by carbon fiber filaments (CFF), glass fiber filaments (GFF), and Kevlar fiber filaments (KFF). Empirical formulas have also been derived to describe the relationships between the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and fiber volume fraction. The results demonstrate that increasing the strain rate from 6.7×10−4/s to 100/s substantially enhances the UTS of all three types of printed CFRO.

熔融沉积成型（FDM）是聚合物三维打印领域最流行的增材制造技术之一，近年来越来越多地用于制造连续纤维增强复合材料（CFRC）。人们对 FDM 制成的 CFRC 的准静态力学性能和相应的失效机理进行了深入研究。然而，关于使用 FDM 制造的 CFRC 的动态力学行为的研究却十分有限。本文介绍了一项全面的实验研究，以了解 FDM 制成的连续纤维增强缟玛瑙（CFRO）的变形和承载能力，重点是应变速率高达 100/s 的动态拉伸载荷。在对断裂试样进行微结构分析后，确定了 FDM 制成的 CFRO 在动态载荷下的变形和破坏机制。研究揭示了碳纤维丝（CFF）、玻璃纤维丝（GFF）和凯夫拉纤维丝（KFF）增强的缟玛瑙的纤维类型、纤维体积分数和应变速率对拉伸行为的影响。此外，还得出了经验公式来描述弹性模量、极限拉伸强度（UTS）和纤维体积分数之间的关系。结果表明，将应变率从 6.7×10-4/s 提高到 100/s，可大幅提高所有三种印刷 CFRO 的 UTS。

Composites Science and Technology

Influence of rapid high-temperature processing on the interface of CF/PEEK: A quick and effective method for enhancing the IFSS

Dimitrios Gaitanelis, Chris Worrall, Mihalis Kazilas

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110564

 

快速高温加工对 CF/PEEK 界面的影响：增强 IFSS 的快速有效方法

This study explores the effect of rapid high-temperature processing on the interface of carbon fibre (CF) reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK). Specimens that have been thermally treated at slower and faster heating rates and specimens that have not been post-manufacturing treated (virgin) are examined with single fibre pull-out tests. A comparison between their interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and their failure modes takes place. Scanning electron microscopy is used to assess the surface morphology of the thermally treated specimens, and partly cross-polarised microscopy is employed to investigate the development of transcrystallinity. Furthermore, to identify the extent of thermal degradation the specimens are examined with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. At faster heating rates, an improved interfacial adhesion up to 25% is found at temperatures where a low-level thermal damage is induced. At higher temperatures and despite the increased thermal damage, an IFSS increase of up to 10% is still identified. This is due to the beneficial formation of thermal residual stresses upon rapid high-temperature processing and shows that these processing conditions could effectively serve for enhancing the interfacial adhesion of CF/PEEK.

本研究探讨了快速高温加工对碳纤维（CF）增强聚醚醚酮（PEEK）界面的影响。通过单纤维拉出试验，对以较慢和较快的加热速率进行过热处理的试样和未经制造后处理的试样（原始试样）进行了检验。对它们的界面剪切强度（IFSS）和失效模式进行比较。扫描电子显微镜用于评估热处理试样的表面形态，部分交叉偏振显微镜用于研究转晶的发展。此外，为了确定热降解的程度，还使用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱对试样进行了检测。在较快的加热速率下，发现在诱发低水平热损伤的温度下，界面粘附力提高了 25%。在较高温度下，尽管热损伤增加，但仍能发现 IFSS 增加了 10%。这是因为在快速高温加工过程中形成了有益的热残余应力，并表明这些加工条件可有效增强 CF/PEEK 的界面粘附性。