【新文速递】2024年5月13日复合材料SCI期刊最新文章

今日更新：Composite Structures 1 篇，Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 1 篇，Composites Part B: Engineering 7 篇Composite StructuresLayer jamming skin‐based bionic webbed foot soft gripper with variable stiffness and envelopmentZheng Zhang, Shilong Li, Yuting Zhou, Diyong Huang, Min Sun, Guang Zhang, Hao Chai, Shaofei Jiangdoi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118215具有可变刚度和包络度的分层干扰皮肤仿生蹼足软爪Inspired by webbed feet, a bionic webbed foot soft gripper with variable stiffness was designed by integrating a pneumatic networks actuator with layer jamming skin. Layer jamming skin as the key component of bionic webbed foot soft gripper, its design and fabrication process were described. An experimental platform combining stretch/bend control was established to analyze the impact of activated negative pressure, different materials and shapes jamming units, and the number of jamming layers on the stiffness of the layer jamming skin. The layer jamming skin conforms to the characteristics of variable stiffness by evaluating the experimental and numerical results of the layer jamming skin under external loading. The curling and adaptability test demonstrated the layer jamming skin's adaptability and flexibility to various shapes and sizes of caught objects. The variable stiffness, adaptability, and gripping force of the bionic webbed foot soft gripper during object grasping were assessed through gripping experiments. This work presents an enveloping gripper with variable stiffness, high adaptability, and strong grasping force.摘要以蹼足为灵感，将气动网络作动器与层扰皮肤相结合，设计了一种变刚度的仿生蹼足软爪。介绍了作为仿生蹼足软爪关键部件的层卡皮肤的设计和制作过程。建立了拉伸/弯曲控制相结合的实验平台，分析了激活负压、不同材料和形状的干扰单元以及干扰层数对分层干扰蒙皮刚度的影响。通过对层状干扰蒙皮在外载荷作用下的实验和数值计算结果进行评价，发现层状干扰蒙皮符合变刚度特性。卷曲和适应性试验证明了层干扰蒙皮对捕获物体的各种形状和大小的适应性和灵活性。通过抓取实验，对仿生蹼足软爪在抓取物体过程中的可变刚度、适应性和抓取力进行了评估。本文提出了一种可变刚度、适应性强、抓取力强的包络夹持器。Composites Part A: Applied Science and ManufacturingNew metal-epoxy-matrix carbon-fibre hybrids to tackle stress concentrationHengli Cao, Xiaochuan Sun, Luiz F. Kawashita, Dmitry S. Ivanovdoi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108272新型金属-环氧基碳纤维复合材料解决应力集中问题The paper explores the feasibility of improving the performance of composite structures with stress concentrators by local infusion of metals. The resulting material architecture presents Multi-Matrix Continuously-Reinforced Composites (MMCRC) – with shared domains of both the thermoset polymer and metal matrices with fibre-bridged interfaces between the domains. The study explores the manufacturing routes to creating such composites and assesses the resulting performance using the open-hole tensile test. It has been demonstrated that the presence of a rigid multi-matrix patch around the open hole, exhibiting minimal thickness variation, leads to a 15.0% improvement in failure load and a 16.6% improvement in failure strain for quasi-isotropic carbon fibre composite laminates. The strain history analysis of the MMCRC samples indicates the occurrence of plastic yielding within the metal matrix and strain redistribution mechanisms, leading to load sharing over the hybrid matrix area.本文探讨了局部注入金属提高应力集中剂复合材料结构性能的可行性。由此产生的材料结构呈现出多基体连续增强复合材料(MMCRC) -具有热固性聚合物和金属基体的共享域，域之间具有纤维桥接界面。该研究探索了制造这种复合材料的制造路线，并使用裸眼拉伸测试评估了所得性能。结果表明，准各向同性碳纤维复合材料层合板在裸眼周围存在刚性多基体贴片，厚度变化最小，导致失效载荷提高15.0%，失效应变提高16.6%。MMCRC试样的应变历史分析表明，金属基体内部存在塑性屈服和应变再分配机制，导致混合基体区域的载荷分担。Composites Part B: EngineeringNew strategy in light-weight and ultrastrong Ti40Nb15Mo30(NbC)15 refractory complex concentrated alloyWeihang Lu, Dong Liu, Cunyu Wang, Qi An, Robert O. Ritchie, Lujun Huang, Shenbao Jin, Naonao Gao, Liangbo Sun, Lin Gengdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111555 轻质超强Ti40Nb15Mo30(NbC)15难熔复合浓缩合金的新策略Traditional refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) generally exhibit a trade-off between high-temperature strength and light weight. In present work, a novel design strategy based on tailoring element distribution is proposed to achieve excellent high-temperature strength at a density lower than 7 g·cm-3. Specifically, a Ti40Nb15Mo30(NbC)15 composite was designed and prepared by powder metallurgy. The composite is found to be composed of two ultrafine-grained (UFG) phases including a body-centered cubic (bcc) solid-solution phase and a face-centered cubic (fcc) ceramic reinforcement phase (Ti, Nb)C. The as-sintered composite shows a uniform and UFG microstructure where two phases are interconnected. Due to this unique microstructure, the Ti40Nb15Mo30(NbC)15 composite displays superb specific yield strengths among surveyed RHEAs, complex concentrated alloys, and metal-matrix composites from 800°C (243 MPa·g-1·cm3) to 1000°C (127 MPa·g-1·cm3). The outstanding high-temperature compressive strength was found to be associated with high resistance to dislocation motion and strong dislocation interactions in both the bcc and fcc phases. The phase interface after hot compression remained semi-coherent, vindicating its high stability. The high-density of stable phase interfaces not only retards the dislocation motion due to the large image force near the phase boundary but also induces a high value of activation energy for diffusion. The high activation energy can further achieve significant microstructure stability even after a long-term annealing (36 h) at 1000°C. This work provides new perspectives for the design and application of light and ultrastrong refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) by comparison to the insufficient strength of many traditional and light RCCAs.传统的耐火高熵合金(RHEAs)通常在高温强度和轻质之间进行权衡。在本工作中，提出了一种基于定制元素分布的新型设计策略，以在密度低于7 g·cm-3的情况下获得优异的高温强度。具体而言，采用粉末冶金方法设计并制备了Ti40Nb15Mo30(NbC)15复合材料。该复合材料由两种超细晶相(UFG)组成，即体心立方(bcc)固溶相和面心立方(fcc)陶瓷增强相(Ti, Nb)C。烧结后的复合材料具有均匀的UFG型微观结构，两相相互连接。由于这种独特的微观结构，Ti40Nb15Mo30(NbC)15复合材料在800°C (243 MPa·g-1·cm3)至1000°C (127 MPa·g-1·cm3)范围内表现出优异的比屈服强度，优于所研究的RHEAs、复杂的密集 合金和金属基复合材料。优异的高温抗压强度与bcc相和fcc相中高的位错运动阻力和强的位错相互作用有关。热压缩后的相界面保持半相干，证明了其高稳定性。稳定相界面的高密度不仅由于相边界附近的大像力而延缓了位错运动，而且引起了高的扩散活化能。即使在1000℃下长时间退火(36 h)，高活化能也能进一步实现显著的微观结构稳定性。通过对许多传统和轻型耐火材料复合浓缩合金强度不足的比较，本工作为轻质和超强耐火材料复合浓缩合金(RCCAs)的设计和应用提供了新的视角。Microstructure evolution and phase interface characterization in anti-ablation (Hf1/4Zr1/4Ta1/4Ti1/4)C-coated C/C compositesJiachen Li, Junhao Zhao, Tao Li, Jingtong Li, Deyu Yang, Yanqin Fu, Junshuai Lv, Lingxiang Guo, Yulei Zhangdoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111569 抗烧蚀(Hf1/4Zr1/4Ta1/4Ti1/4)C /C复合材料的微观结构演变及相界面表征Ta and Ti elements are often used as modified components to densify the loose oxide film for HfC/ZrC coatings after long-term ablation, while the synergistic effect among their multi-phase oxides on the ablation resistance of the coatings for C/C composites is still being explored. In this work, a (Hf1/4Zr1/4Ta1/4Ti1/4)C high-entropy carbide ceramic was proposed as an advanced anti-ablation coating for C/C composites and the multicomponent synergistic effect on the ablative behavior was investigated. At the initial ablation, the O atoms first reacted with Hf and Zr elements to form m-(Hf, Zr)O2. The TiO2 was prone to decompose into TiO and then evaporated from the coating during ablation, slowing down the volatilization of Ta2O5. The remaining TiO2 and Ta2O5 diffused to m-(Hf, Zr)O2 and produced a phase transition from Ta/Ti-doped m-(Hf, Zr)O2 to o-(Hf, Zr)6Ta2O17/o-(Hf, Zr)TiO4. The formation of nanotwin between (Hf, Zr)6Ta2O17 and (Hf, Zr)TiO4 enhanced the toughness of the oxide film. Although excessive Ta2O5 broke the stability of the oxide film, the Hf-Zr-rich oxide skeleton (Ta/Ti-doped (Hf, Zr)O2, (Hf, Zr)6Ta2O17 and (Hf, Zr)TiO4)) ensured that C/C substrates were intact after ablation for 180 s, showing superior ablation resistance.长期烧蚀后，HfC/ZrC涂层常采用Ta和Ti元素作为改性组分使松散的氧化膜致密化，而其多相氧化物之间的协同作用对C/C复合材料涂层抗烧蚀性能的影响仍在探索中。本文提出了一种(Hf1/4Zr1/4Ta1/4Ti1/4)C高熵碳化物陶瓷作为C/C复合材料的高级抗烧蚀涂层，并研究了多组分协同作用对其烧蚀行为的影响。在初始烧蚀过程中，O原子首先与Hf和Zr元素反应生成m-(Hf, Zr)O2。在烧蚀过程中，TiO2容易分解成TiO并从涂层中蒸发，从而减缓了Ta2O5的挥发。剩余的TiO2和Ta2O5扩散到m-(Hf, Zr)O2，并产生了从Ta/ ti掺杂的m-(Hf, Zr)O2到o-(Hf, Zr)6Ta2O17/o-(Hf, Zr)TiO4的相变。(Hf, Zr)6Ta2O17与(Hf, Zr)TiO4之间形成纳米孪晶，增强了氧化膜的韧性。虽然过量的Ta2O5破坏了氧化膜的稳定性，但富Hf-Zr的氧化物骨架(Ta/ ti掺杂的(Hf, Zr)O2， (Hf, Zr)6Ta2O17和(Hf, Zr)TiO4))保证了C/C衬底在烧蚀180 s后完好无损，表现出优异的抗烧蚀性能。Microwave assisted black phosphorus-based core-shell composites with synergistic antibacterial and osteogenic ability for bone tissue repairYan-lei Zhan, Kai-chao Wen, Zheng-an Li, Jing Zang, Ping Sun, Feng-qian Lidoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111554 微波辅助黑磷基核壳复合材料具有协同抗菌和成骨能力的骨组织修复In clinics, repairing bone tissue with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and bone defects remains a remarkable challenge. This study designs new core-shell composites of PMP/PVA (Fe3O4@APNs based on magnesium phosphate cement/Fe3O4@APNs-VAN-PLGA microspheres-agarose hydrogel). With Fe3O4@APNs (Phytic acid dodecasodium exfoliated BPNs (APNs) modified with Fe3O4) as an enhanced microwave (MW) sensitizer, the PMP/PVA system exhibits outstanding MW thermal performance. Under MW irradiation, the PMP/PVA exerts dual antibacterial activity through the MW thermal effect (MTE, quickly increased to 68.7±2.4 °C in 5 min at 2.45 GHz, 10 W/cm2) and MW-triggered chemotherapy (CTH, in vitro: 99.98±0.02% (MRSA), 99.43±0.73% (E. coli); in vivo: 99.98±0.02%), which possesses antibacterial ability in vitro and anti-infective effects in vivo with low toxicity and side effects. In addition, PMP/PVA possesses biodegradability with Ca2+, Mg2+, and PO43- released, which not only facilitates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in vitro but also promotes new bone formation for bone defect sites with chronic osteomyelitis in vivo (the implantations were gradually replaced with a large area of new bone without apparent cortical reactions). Therefore, PMP/PVA with dual antibacterial activity, osteogenic performance, and low toxicity ability can potentially repair bone tissue with MRSA infections and refractory bone defects. The proposed system is promising for bone tissue repair of chronic osteomyelitis with bone defects.在临床上，修复骨组织与耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）感染和骨缺损仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本研究设计了新型 PMP/PVA 核壳复合材料（基于磷酸镁水泥的 Fe3O4@APNs/Fe3O4@APNs-VAN-PLGA 微球-琼脂糖水凝胶）。以 Fe3O4@APNs（用 Fe3O4 改性的植酸十二钠剥离 BPNs (APNs)）作为增强型微波（MW）敏化剂，PMP/PVA 系统表现出卓越的 MW 热性能。在微波辐照下，PMP/PVA 通过微波热效应（MTE，在 2.45 GHz、10 W/cm2 下 5 分钟内迅速升至 68.7±2.4 ℃）和微波触发化疗（CTH，体外：99. 98±0.02%（MRSA），99.43±0.73%（大肠杆菌）；体内：99.98±0.02%），具有体外抗菌能力和体内抗感染作用，且毒副作用小。此外，PMP/PVA 具有生物降解性，可释放 Ca2+、Mg2+ 和 PO43-，不仅在体外促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）的增殖和成骨分化，而且在体内促进慢性骨髓炎骨缺损部位的新骨形成（植入物逐渐被大面积新骨取代，无明显皮质反应）。因此，具有双重抗菌活性、成骨性能和低毒性的 PMP/PVA 有可能修复 MRSA 感染和难治性骨缺损的骨组织。该系统有望用于慢性骨髓炎伴骨缺损的骨组织修复。A lava-inspired design strategy based on combustion characteristics of PFRP for excellent flame retardancy via dual action mechanism at wide temperature rangeZhibiao Wei, Chao Ji, Lulu Lei, Binbin Zhao, Zefei Cheng, Tao Yu, Yan Li, Jinhong Fandoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111560 基于PFRP燃烧特性的熔岩启发设计策略，通过双作用机制在宽温度范围内获得优异的阻燃性Although plant fiber reinforced composite (PFRP) with environmental-friendly and biodegradable matches with society development requirements and carbon neutral strategy, the inherent flammability limits application in the engineering field, especially in rail transit and aerospace with strict fire standards. In this work, based on combustion behaviors of PFRP, the flame-retardant strategy inspired by the characteristics of volcanic lava in nature which could flow along rock crevices or valleys and form dense ceramic protective layer with outstanding heat insulation on the surface after cooling is designed. Compared with neat PFRP, the LOI of the PFRP/APP@PTNi20-GP10 (7.7 wt% FR contents) reaches 35.8 %, and UL-94 achieves V-0, showing excellent self-extinguishing performance. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke release (TSR) and CO production (COP) decrease by 70.1 % and 51.7 %, 60.3 % and 65.5 % respectively. More importantly, the char layer formed after the combustion process retains excellent strength and compactness, which provides better protection for the undecomposed composite. Furthermore, the release of toxic volatiles including aromatic compounds, esters and carbonyl compounds in gas-phase pyrolysis products decrease significantly. The mechanism of lava-inspired flame-retardant system can be attributed to the dual action mechanism where different components play corresponding flame-retardant role under wide temperature range. And it is noted that the designed strategy endows PFRP with excellent fire resistance without deteriorating mechanical properties. This work provides a novel design idea for realizing the flame retardancy of PFRP and broadens the application field of PFRP.植物纤维增强复合材料(PFRP)具有环保性和可生物降解性，符合社会发展要求和碳中和战略，但其固有的可燃性限制了其在工程领域的应用，特别是在防火标准严格的轨道交通和航空航天领域。本文基于PFRP的燃烧特性，借鉴自然界火山熔岩沿岩石缝隙或山谷流动，冷却后在表面形成致密的陶瓷保护层，并具有良好的隔热性的特点，设计了阻燃策略。与纯PFRP相比，PFRP/APP@PTNi20-GP10 (FR含量7.7 wt%)的LOI达到35.8%，UL-94达到V-0，表现出优异的自熄性能。同时，峰值放热率(PHRR)、总放热率(THR)、总排烟率(TSR)和CO产量(COP)分别降低了70.1%、51.7%、60.3%和65.5%。更重要的是，燃烧过程后形成的炭层保持了优异的强度和致密性，为未分解的复合材料提供了更好的保护。此外，气相热解产物中芳香族化合物、酯类和羰基化合物等有毒挥发物的释放量显著减少。熔岩激发型阻燃体系的机理可归结为不同组分在较宽温度范围内发挥相应的阻燃作用的双作用机制。并指出，所设计的策略使PFRP具有优异的耐火性能，而不破坏其力学性能。本工作为实现PFRP的阻燃性提供了一种新的设计思路，拓宽了PFRP的应用领域。Wholly Bio-based, Ultra-tough, Transparent PLA Composites Reinforced with Nanocellulose and NanochitinJoong-Kwon Kim, Seung Hak Oh, Myeong-Oh Song, Seyeon Jang, Seok Ju Kang, Sang Kyu Kwak, Jungho Jindoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111563 全生物基，超坚韧，透明PLA复合材料增强纳米纤维素和纳米甲壳素We introduce a novel ‘materials/processing’ approach that enables wholly bio-based, transparent polylactic acid (PLA) composites exhibiting unprecedented mechanical toughness. We introduce an aqueous colloidal suspension of cellulose-/chitin-nanofibers (CNF/ChNF) as reinforcing nanofillers. In particular, we design a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion-based pre-complexation step whereby the aqueous CNF/ChNF nanofillers can be directly integrated with PLA forming a solid masterbatch (MB), which can be processed with twin screw extrusion (TSE) and injection molding to produce PLA composites containing only a minute amount (2 wt%) of CNF/ChNF without any foreign additives. The resulting wholly bio-based PLA composites show unprecedentedly high levels of mechanical toughness (151.2 MJ/m3), elongation at break (377.5 %), impact strength (123 J/m), and optical transparency (∼90%). In this article, we report on the fabrication and detailed structure-processing-property relation of our green PLA composites.我们引入了一种新的“材料/加工”方法，使全生物基透明聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料具有前所未有的机械韧性。我们介绍了纤维素/几丁质纳米纤维(CNF/ChNF)的水性胶体悬浮液作为增强纳米填料。特别是，我们设计了一种油包水(W/O)乳化基预络合步骤，通过该步骤，含水CNF/ChNF纳米填料可以直接与PLA结合形成固体母粒(MB)，该母粒可以通过双螺杆挤出(TSE)和注塑成型加工，生产出仅含有微量(2wt %) CNF/ChNF的PLA复合材料，不含任何外部添加剂。由此产生的全生物基PLA复合材料具有前所未有的高机械韧性(151.2 MJ/m3)、断裂伸长率(377.5%)、冲击强度(123 J/m)和光学透明度(~ 90%)。本文报道了绿色聚乳酸复合材料的制备和详细的结构-加工-性能关系。The role of Mg content in regulating microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-ZnO composites fabricated via in-situ reaction sinteringShuo Wang, Xiaobin Lin, Xudong Rong, Xiang Zhang, Dongdong Zhao, Chunnian He, Naiqin Zhaodoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111565Mg含量对原位反应烧结Al-Mg-ZnO复合材料组织和力学性能的调控作用Al-Mg-oxides composite system exhibits great potential for achieving aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) with exceptional mechanical properties. However, the effects of Mg element on in-situ reaction mechanism and precipitation behavior remains largely unknown. In this work, Al-Mg-ZnO composite was successfully fabricated by using segmented ball milling, reaction sintering and heat treatment, resulting in an ultimate tensile strength of ∼760 MPa and fracture elongation of ∼3.5%. The Mg content-dependent reaction pathway and precipitation evolution were systematically investigated through thermodynamic analysis and microstructural characterization. The results revealed that the relatively high Mg content promotes the in-situ generation of the hybrid reinforcements composed of MgAl2O4 and MgO. Additionally, the semi-coherent reinforcement-matrix interface facilitates interfacial precipitation by reducing the energy barrier for nucleation. Consequently, solute-rich/vacancy-rich Guinier-Preston (GP) zones are activated to form η' and T' precipitates. These high-density nano-sized secondary phases contribute to the considerable strengthening effect of the composite. The present work provides valuable theoretical insight into the effect of Mg content on the microstructure evolution of Al-Mg-ZnO composite system, which offers promising avenues for achieving AMCs with superior mechanical properties.铝镁氧化物复合体系在制备具有优异力学性能的铝基复合材料(AMCs)方面显示出巨大的潜力。然而，Mg元素对原位反应机理和沉淀行为的影响尚不清楚。本文通过球磨、反应烧结和热处理制备了Al-Mg-ZnO复合材料，其抗拉强度为~ 760 MPa，断裂伸长率为~ 3.5%。通过热力学分析和微观结构表征，系统地研究了Mg含量依赖性反应途径和沉淀演化。结果表明，较高的Mg含量促进了MgAl2O4和MgO复合增强材料的原位生成。此外，半相干增强-基体界面通过降低成核能垒促进界面析出。因此，富溶质/富空位的ginier - preston (GP)区被激活形成η′和T′相。这些高密度的纳米级二次相使复合材料具有显著的强化效果。本研究为Mg含量对Al-Mg-ZnO复合体系微观结构演变的影响提供了有价值的理论见解，为实现具有优异力学性能的AMCs提供了有希望的途径。Compositional regulation in additive manufacturing of precipitation-hardening (CoCrNi)94Ti3Al3 medium-entropy superalloy: cellular structure stabilization and strength enhancementJianying Wang, Hailin Yang, Zhilin Liu, Lei Fan, Wentao Yan, Qiu Dong, M.W. Fudoi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111570 沉淀硬化(CoCrNi)94Ti3Al3中熵高温合金增材制造中的成分调控:胞状组织稳定和强度增强High or medium-entropy alloys that feature high thermal stability and excellent oxidation resistance are promising candidates for elevated temperature applications. The rapid softening of monolithic high or medium-entropy alloys with single face-centered cubic structure at elevated temperatures, however, is a main weakness. In this paper, we report new high strength γ′-hardened ((CoCrNi)94Ti3Al3)98Nb2 medium-entropy alloy through laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) followed by ageing. In particularly, the tensile strengths of the aged ((CoCrNi)94Ti3Al3)98Nb2 alloy at 20 ºC and 700 ºC can reach up to 1.93 GPa and 1.11 GPa, respectively, 112% and 122% stronger than the as-built CoCrNi alloy tested at the same condition. A new strengthening mechanism, i.e., elemental segregation induced the cellular structure stabilization, in tandem with other hierarchical microstructure features, including ultrafine γ′ precipitates, dense twin boundaries, and other types of crystallized defects, co-contribute to the superb tensile strength at room and elevated temperatures. Such a simple alloy design and processing strategy outlines a guideline for designing novel multicomponent alloys and/or composites with superior microstructural stability and mechanical response at room and elevated temperatures.高或中熵合金具有高热稳定性和优异的抗氧化性，是高温应用的有希望的候选者。然而，具有单面心立方结构的单片高或中熵合金在高温下的快速软化是其主要缺点。本文报道了一种新型高强度γ′硬化((CoCrNi)94Ti3Al3)98Nb2中熵合金，采用激光粉末床熔炼(L-PBF)并进行时效处理。其中，时效后((CoCrNi)94Ti3Al3)98Nb2合金在20℃和700℃时的抗拉强度分别达到1.93 GPa和1.11 GPa，比同条件下的铸态CoCrNi合金提高了112%和122%。一种新的强化机制，即元素偏析诱导了细胞结构的稳定，以及其他层次组织特征，包括超细γ′沉淀、致密孪晶界和其他类型的结晶缺陷，共同促进了室温和高温下的优异拉伸强度。这种简单的合金设计和加工策略为设计具有优异显微组织稳定性和室温和高温下机械响应的新型多组分合金和/或复合材料提供了指导。来源：复合材料力学仿真Composites FEM