今日更新:Composite Structures 5 篇,Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2 篇,Composites Science and Technology 2 篇
Delamination detection in composite pipes using higher harmonic generation of flexural waves
Min Gao, Yuan Feng, Xianwen Hu, Ching-Tai Ng, Andrei Kotousov
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118418
基于高次谐波波形的复合材料管道分层检测
This paper investigates delamination detection in composite pipes using higher harmonic generation technique for the first time. The semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method is developed to analyze the dispersion characteristics of the composite pipe. Then, a flexural mode at low frequency is selected to detect delamination. The three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the flexural mode propagating in the composite pipe and its interaction with delamination. By comparing the simulated radial displacement signals with and without delamination, it is observed that the delamination can contribute to the higher harmonic generation. Subsequently, the ultrasonic measurements are conducted to demonstrate the numerical results. Using a relatively simple piezoelectric transducer (PZT) configuration, an almost pure flexural mode can be excited in the experiment. More importantly, experimental results indicate the higher harmonics induced by the delamination can be observed obviously. Finally, extensive parametric studies are performed to reveal the sensitivity of higher harmonics to the delamination with various sizes and at different interface. The proposed higher harmonic generation of flexural waves is promising for the practical application of delamination detection in composite pipes.
本文首次利用高谐波产生技术研究了复合材料管道的分层检测。建立了半解析有限元法(SAFE)来分析复合材料管的弥散特性。然后,选择低频弯曲模态来检测分层。建立了三维有限元模型,模拟了复合材料管道内弯曲模态的传播及其与分层的相互作用。通过对比无分层和有分层的径向位移模拟信号,发现分层有助于高次谐波的产生。随后,进行了超声测量来验证数值结果。使用相对简单的压电换能器(PZT)结构,可以在实验中激发几乎纯弯曲模式。更重要的是,实验结果表明,可以明显观察到分层引起的高次谐波。最后,进行了大量的参数研究,揭示了高次谐波对不同尺寸和不同界面的分层的敏感性。所提出的高次谐波弯曲波的产生,为复合材料管道分层检测的实际应用提供了良好的前景。
Exact solutions for clamped spherical and cylindrical panels via a unified formulation and boundary discontinuous method
R.W. Laureano, J.L. Mantari, J. Yarasca, A.S. Oktem, J. Monge, Xueqian Zhou
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118429
用统一的公式和边界不连续法求出夹紧球面和圆柱板的精确解
Numerous works in both recent and historical literature have concentrated on formulating theories to perform static analysis on simply-supported shell structures. However, it is worth noting that obtaining analytical solutions for clamped boundary conditions presents a strong challenge. In this paper, closed-form solutions for clamped cross-ply laminated and sandwich shells are achieved by employing a robust and hybrid methodology not previously reported in the literature. The high versatility of the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), based on the Equivalent-Single-Layer (ESL) description, is utilized to implement several refined shell theories. The Principle of Virtual Displacements (PVD) is utilized to derive the strong form of the governing equations in terms of displacement variables. As the main novelty, these equations are solved by the Boundary Discontinuous Fourier-based method (BDM) which provides highly accurate analytical solutions. The validity and robustness of the proposed methodology are assessed through a detailed comparison with references available in the open literature, as well as with FEM 3D results obtained with commercial software. Furthermore, the stress recovery technique is exploited to fulfill zero-stress and interlaminar continuity (IC) conditions. The findings might be useful in training artificial intelligence (AI) models, which, for instance, could facilitate the development of digital twin structures
在近代和历史文献中,许多工作都集中在制定理论来执行简支壳结构的静力分析。然而,值得注意的是,获得夹固边界条件的解析解是一个很大的挑战。在本文中,封闭形式的解决方案夹紧交叉层压和三明治壳是通过采用鲁棒和混合的方法,以前没有在文献中报道。基于等效单层(ESL)描述的Carrera统一公式(CUF)的高通用性被用于实现几种精炼的壳层理论。利用虚位移原理,导出了基于位移变量的控制方程的强形式。作为主要的新颖之处,这些方程的求解采用基于边界不连续傅立叶的方法(BDM),该方法提供了高精度的解析解。通过与公开文献中的参考文献以及用商业软件获得的有限元三维结果进行详细比较,评估了所提出方法的有效性和鲁棒性。此外,还利用应力恢复技术实现了零应力和层间连续(IC)条件。这些发现可能对训练人工智能(AI)模型有用,例如,可以促进数字孪生结构的发展
Fracture mechanics model of biological composites reinforced by helical fibers
Wen-Jing Xu, Xinhong Shi, Yuxin Sun, Xi-Qiao Feng, Zi-Long Zhao
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118430
螺旋纤维增强生物复合材料断裂力学模型
Many biological materials such as tendons and muscles contain helical fibers. In this paper, the fracture behavior of such chiral composites is investigated through a combination of theoretical analysis and finite element simulations. A mesoscopic fracture mechanics model of helical fiber-reinforced biological composites is presented, with the effects of interfacial damage and fiber breakage. A cohesive law is adopted to characterize the interfacial damage induced by the relative slipping between the fibers and the matrix. The theoretical model agrees well with the numerical results. The optimized fiber radius that can maximize the fracture toughness of the composites is determined. The effects of interfacial (e.g., bonding strength and energy dissipation) and material properties (e.g., strength and elastic modulus) on the resistance to crack propagation are revealed. Our results show that the composites reinforced by helical fibers exhibit comprehensively excellent mechanical properties, e.g., simultaneous high strength, stiffness, and fracture toughness. This work not only helps understand the structure–property interrelations of biological chiral composites, but also provides inspirations for designing high-performance engineering materials.
许多生物材料,如肌腱和肌肉,都含有螺旋纤维。本文采用理论分析和有限元模拟相结合的方法研究了这类手性复合材料的断裂行为。建立了考虑界面损伤和纤维断裂影响的螺旋纤维增强生物复合材料细观断裂力学模型。采用内聚规律表征纤维与基体间相对滑移引起的界面损伤。理论模型与数值结果吻合较好。确定了复合材料断裂韧性最大的纤维半径。揭示了界面(如结合强度和能量耗散)和材料性能(如强度和弹性模量)对裂纹扩展阻力的影响。结果表明,螺旋纤维增强复合材料具有综合优异的力学性能,同时具有较高的强度、刚度和断裂韧性。这项工作不仅有助于理解生物手性复合材料的结构-性能相互关系,而且为高性能工程材料的设计提供了灵感。
Exploring shear nonlinearity of plain-woven composites at various temperatures based on machine learning
Jindi Zhou, Kai Huang, Tao Zheng, Xiaodong Liu, Xiaojian Han, Zhongyu Wang, Hongsen Liu, Licheng Guo
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118434
基于机器学习的平面编织复合材料在不同温度下的剪切非线性研究
Plain-woven composites are extensively utilized across various fields; however, it exhibits significant shear nonlinearity, especially at high temperatures. This study aims to propose a machine learning (ML) based constitutive model using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), which is able to effectively characterize the shear nonlinearity of plain-woven composites at different temperatures. The shear nonlinearity of T800 carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy-based plain-woven composites are investigated by carrying out in-plane shear experiments, and the data sets considering temperature effects are established accordingly. Compared with traditional constitutive models, the proposed ML-based model excels in predicting shear nonlinearity, even at temperatures not included in the training set. The integration of this ML-based constitutive model into the finite element (FE) simulation framework achieves high consistency between simulation and experimental results, thereby validating the significant application of ML in complex material behavior modeling and FE analysis.
平纹编织复合材料广泛应用于各个领域;然而,它表现出明显的剪切非线性,特别是在高温下。本研究旨在利用高斯过程回归(GPR)提出一种基于机器学习(ML)的本构模型,该模型能够有效表征平纹编织复合材料在不同温度下的剪切非线性。通过面内剪切实验研究了T800碳纤维增强环氧基平纹编织复合材料的剪切非线性,并建立了考虑温度效应的数据集。与传统的本构模型相比,所提出的基于ml的模型在预测剪切非线性方面表现出色,即使在未包含在训练集中的温度下也是如此。将基于ML的本构模型集成到有限元仿真框架中,实现了仿真结果与实验结果的高度一致性,从而验证了ML在复杂材料行为建模和有限元分析中的重要应用。
Recyclable thermoplastic FRP bars for reinforced concrete structures: Current status and future opportunities
Jun-Jie Zeng, Sheng-Zhao Feng, Bin Zhao, Feng-Yi Wu, Yan Zhuge, Hao Wang
doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118438
钢筋混凝土结构用可回收热塑性FRP筋:现状与未来机遇
Replacing steel reinforcing bars in reinforcing concrete (RC) structures with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars is an effective approach to avoid problems associated with corrosion of steel bars due to external chloride ions and humid environments. Recently, thermoplastic FRP bar has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as recyclability and on-site workability. In particular, bendable FRP threaded bars made of thermoplastic composites are very easy to be processed on-site due to their flexibility when heated. A number of studies have been conducted on recyclable thermoplastic FRP bars for reinforced concrete structures. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits associated with thermoplastic FRP bars. The basic properties of thermoplastic FRP bars (including mechanical properties, durability properties and creep properties, etc.) are reviewed and summarized, and the comparisons between them and thermosetting FRP bars are conducted. The opportunities for further research on thermoplastic FRP bars in terms of material properties and structural engineering applications are finally identified.
用纤维增强聚合物(FRP)钢筋代替钢筋混凝土(RC)结构中的钢筋是避免钢筋受外界氯离子和潮湿环境腐蚀的有效途径。近年来,热塑性玻璃钢因其可回收性和现场可加工性等优点而备受关注。特别是,由热塑性复合材料制成的可弯曲FRP螺纹棒,由于其加热时的灵活性,非常容易在现场加工。对钢筋混凝土结构的可回收热塑性FRP筋进行了大量的研究。这篇文章提供了与热塑性FRP条相关的好处的全面概述。对热塑性FRP筋的基本性能(包括力学性能、耐久性和蠕变性能等)进行了回顾和总结,并与热固性FRP筋进行了比较。最后确定了热塑性FRP筋在材料性能和结构工程应用方面的进一步研究机会。
Multifunctional sandwich composites with optimized phase change material content for simultaneous structural and thermal performance
Giulia Fredi, Elisa Boso, Alessandro Sorze, Alessandro Pegoretti
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108382
多功能夹层复合材料,优化相变材料含量,同时具有结构和热性能
This work aims at developing novel multifunctional sandwich composites with optimized thermal energy storage and structural load-bearing performance by incorporating microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) into polyurethane (PU) foam cores. The optimized foam containing 20 wt% PCM, balancing good latent heat storage (up to 29 J/g) with low thermal conductivity (up to 0.035 W/(m·K) at 50 °C), and, was used to produce sandwich panels with high-performance epoxy/carbon fiber laminate skins. Microstructural characterization confirmed excellent interfacial adhesion between the core and skins. The multifunctional panels exhibited comparable flexural strengths (150 kPa) and facing stresses (25 MPa) to neat PU sandwich controls. By integrating thermal regulation from PCM phase change with structural reinforcement from the sandwich architecture in a single multifunctional material system, this work contributes to the development of lightweight, energy-efficient composite materials suitable when weight reduction and thermal management are paramount, such as in aeronautics and cold chain logistics.
本研究旨在通过将微封装相变材料(PCMs)加入聚氨酯(PU)泡沫芯中,开发具有优化的热能储存和结构承重性能的新型多功能夹层复合材料。优化后的泡沫含有20 wt% PCM,平衡了良好的潜热储存(高达29 J/g)和低导热系数(在50 °C时高达0.035 W/(m·K)),并用于生产高性能环氧/碳纤维层压表皮的夹层板。微观结构表征证实了芯层与表皮之间良好的界面粘附性。多功能面板的抗弯强度(150 kPa)和面应力(25 MPa)与整齐的PU夹芯控件相当。通过在单一多功能材料系统中整合来自PCM相变的热调节和来自三明治结构的结构加固,这项工作有助于开发轻质、节能的复合材料,适用于最重要的减重和热管理,例如航空和冷链物流。
Surface engineering of carbon nanotube-carbon fiber networks for enhanced strength in additive manufacturing of nylon composites
Bartosz Mikolaj Gackowski, Mohit Sharma, Xue Qi Koh, Debbie Hwee Leng Seng, Deepak Verma, Vijayakumar Raveenkumar, Sridhar Idapalapati
doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108383
增材制造尼龙复合材料中增强强度的碳纳米管-碳纤维网络表面工程
This work quantifies the impact of chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes and carbon fibres on the interfacial shear strength, and the corresponding tensile and interlaminar shear strength properties of additively manufactured nylon composites. The surface chemistry of functionalized carbon materials was evaluated through infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Single carbon fibre was dip-coated in a suspension of nanotubes and embedded into a nylon matrix. The fibres were pulled out to measure the interfacial shear strength, and the fibres with attached neat, carboxylated, and silanized nanotubes increased it by up to 67%, 112%, and 216%, respectively. Composite samples were manufactured using a novel hybrid additive manufacturing method, which was able to deposit nylon layers and a suspension containing carbon reinforcement. The use of chemically functionalized nanotubes in the suspension led to carbon layers that improved tensile strength by 49% and tensile modulus by 126% over neat nylon. Functionalization of carbon reinforcement increased the interlaminar shear strength by up to 63 %. Overall, this paper demonstrates the importance of chemical modification in composite materials containing a large interface area of carbon materials.
本研究量化了碳纳米管和碳纤维的化学功能化对增材制造尼龙复合材料界面剪切强度的影响,以及相应的拉伸和层间剪切强度性能。通过红外光谱、能量色散x射线能谱和x射线光电子能谱对功能化碳材料的表面化学性质进行了评价。单碳纤维浸涂在纳米管悬浮液中,并嵌入尼龙基体中。将纤维拉出测试界面抗剪强度,结果表明,附着整齐纳米管、羧化纳米管和硅化纳米管的纤维界面抗剪强度分别提高了67%、112%和216%。复合材料样品是使用一种新型的混合增材制造方法制造的,该方法能够沉积尼龙层和含有碳增强的悬浮液。在悬浮液中使用化学官能化纳米管导致碳层的抗拉强度比纯尼龙提高了49%,抗拉模量提高了126%。功能化碳增强剂可使层间抗剪强度提高63 %。综上所述,本文论证了化学改性在含大界面面积碳材料复合材料中的重要性。
Dual conductive network enables mechanically robust polymer composites with highly electrical and thermal conductivities
Yuntao Liu, Wei Xiao, Yuqing Wang, Qin Su, Jun Yan, Guoqiang Zhang, Huaiguo Xue, Jiefeng Gao
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110777
双导电网络使机械坚固的聚合物复合材料具有高导电性和导热性
Thermally and electrically conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have been widely used in smart and flexible electronics; however, huge challenges remain in simultaneously improving the electrical and thermal conductivity of CPCs while maintaining the satisfactory mechanical properties including sufficient strength and toughness. In this study, we propose an effective interfacial regulation approach to fabricate CPCs with a dual conductive network through decoration of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto the polyurethane (PU) nanofibers containing graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs), followed by hot-pressing. Rigid GNPs expand the PU nanofiber network, facilitating Ag precursor adsorption, while subsequent hot-pressing eliminates the big channels and pores inside nanofiber composite membranes and hence greatly enhance their mechanical properties. After hot-pressing, the synergistic dual conductive network with greatly reduced thermal and electrical contact resistance leads to significant improvements in both thermal and electrical conductivity (up to 27.71 W (m K)-1 and 1.87×106 S/m, respectively). Moreover, the mechanically robust CPCs with exceptional durability possess superior Joule heating performance at low voltages and heat dissipation capability. This study provides inspiration for designing highly thermally and electrically conductive CPCs with potential applications as flexible thermal interface materials.
导热和导电聚合物复合材料(CPCs)已广泛应用于智能和柔性电子产品;然而,在提高聚氯乙烯的导电性和导热性的同时,保持令人满意的机械性能,包括足够的强度和韧性,仍然存在巨大的挑战。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种有效的界面调节方法,通过将银纳米粒子(AgNPs)装饰在含有石墨纳米片(GNPs)的聚氨酯(PU)纳米纤维上,然后热压制备具有双导电网络的cpc。刚性GNPs扩展了PU纳米纤维网络,促进了Ag前驱体的吸附,随后的热压消除了纳米纤维复合膜内部的大通道和孔隙,从而大大提高了纳米纤维复合膜的力学性能。热压后,大大降低热接触电阻和电接触电阻的协同双导电网络显著提高了导热性和导电性(分别高达27.71 W (m K)-1和1.87×106 S/m)。此外,机械坚固耐用的CPCs在低电压和散热能力下具有优越的焦耳加热性能。该研究为设计具有高导热和导电性的聚氯乙烯提供了灵感,并具有作为柔性热界面材料的潜力。
Thermally and Electrically Anisotropic Silicone Rubber Composites with Frequency-Selective EMI Shielding
Yuan Ji, Yang Pan, Shida Han, Hong Wu, Shaoyun Guo, Fengshun Zhang, Jianhui Qiu
doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110780
具有频率选择性电磁干扰屏蔽的热电各向异性硅橡胶复合材料
The rapid development of highly integrated and multifunctional electronic devices urgently requires polymer composites with anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities and electromagnetic interference (EMI) Shielding. Herein, the precise control of high alignment and alternating distribution of graphite (Gt)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) via co-extrusion to fabricate alternating multilayered SR composites were reported. Such ordered hierarchical structures not only constructed efficient thermally and electrically conductive networks within the layer but also effectively segregated the electrical and thermal conduction path in the through-plane direction. Simultaneously, owing to the destructive interference of EM waves between the two Gt-CNTs layers, resulting in significant improvements in total shielding effectiveness along with obvious shielding peak shift with decreasing the thickness of the h-BN layer. The 4-layer SR composites exhibited anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities and frequency-selective EMI Shielding. Specifically, the 4-layer SR composites exhibited in-plane thermal conductivity of 8.71 W/mK, breakdown voltage of 8.0 KV/mm and EMI shielding effectiveness of 31–43.2 dB, when the thickness ratio of the Gt-CNTs layer and the h-BN layer was 4:1. Furthermore, the ordered hierarchical structures of the SR composites could be directionally transformed through stacking-cutting to meet different heat dissipation and electrical conduction application scenarios. This research provides new insights into the simple preparation, rational design and multifunctional integration of polymer composites for advanced electronic devices.
高集成度、多功能电子器件的快速发展,迫切要求聚合物复合材料具有各向异性热电性和电磁干扰屏蔽性能。本文报道了用共挤压的方法精确控制石墨(Gt)-碳纳米管(CNTs)和六方氮化硼(h-BN)的高取向和交替分布,制备交替多层SR复合材料。这种有序的分层结构不仅在层内构建了高效的导热网络和导电网络,而且在通平面方向上有效地隔离了导电路径和导热路径。同时,由于两层Gt-CNTs之间存在电磁波的破坏性干扰,导致总屏蔽效能显著提高,且随着h-BN层厚度的减小,屏蔽峰位移明显。四层SR复合材料具有各向异性导热性、电导率和频率选择性电磁干扰屏蔽性能。其中,当Gt-CNTs层与h-BN层的厚度比为4:1时,4层SR复合材料的面内导热系数为8.71 W/mK,击穿电压为8.0 KV/mm,电磁干扰屏蔽效能为31-43.2 dB。此外,通过叠层切割可以有方向性地改变SR复合材料的有序层次结构,以满足不同的散热和导电应用场景。本研究为先进电子器件中高分子复合材料的简单制备、合理设计和多功能集成提供了新的见解。