学习笔记：GB/T 150.4-2024中焊接试件的相关内容

01UW-33对准公差UW-33ALIGNMENTTOLERANCE(a)Alignmentofsectionsatedgestobebuttweldedshallbesuchthatthemaximumoffsetisnotgreaterthantheapplicableamountfortheweldedjointcategory(seeUW-3)underconsideration,aslistedinTableUW-33.Thesectionthicknesstisthenominalthicknessofthethinnersectionatthejoint.(b)Anyoffsetwithintheallowabletoleranceprovidedaboveshallbefairedatathreetoonetaperoverthewidthofthefinishedweld,orifnecessary,byaddingadditionalweldmetalbeyondwhatwouldotherwisebetheedgeoftheweld.SuchadditionalweldmetalbuildupshallbesubjecttotherequirementsofUW-42.(a)对接的边缘待焊截面应对齐，其最大错边量不大于如表UW-33所列对应焊接接头类型(见UW-3)的相应数值。截面厚度是接头处较薄截面的公称厚度。(b)在上述规定的允许公差以内的错边量应在完工焊缝的宽度上形成3:1的斜面，或必要时，在原焊缝的边缘之外堆焊额外的焊缝金属。堆焊的额外焊缝金属应符合UW-42的要求。02UW-35完工的纵,环向焊接接头UW-35COMPLETEDWELDS(a)Butt-weldedjointsshallhavecompletepenetrationandfullfusion.(b)As‐weldedsurfacesarepermitted;however,thesurfaceofweldsshallbesufficientlyfreefromcoarseripples,grooves,overlaps,andabruptridgesandvalleystopermitproperinterpretationofradiographicandotherrequirednondestructiveexaminations.Ifthereisaquestionregardingthesurfaceconditionoftheweldwheninterpretingaradiographicimage,theimageshallbecomparedtotheactualweldsurfacefordeterminationofacceptability.(c)Areductioninthicknessduetotheweldingprocess,whichincludesundercut,isacceptableprovidedallofthefollowingconditionsaremet:(1)Thereductioninthicknessshallnotreducethematerialoftheadjoiningsurfacesbelowthedesignthicknessatanypoint.(2)Thereductioninthicknessshallnotexceed1/32in.(1mm)or10%ofthenominalthicknessoftheadjoiningsurface,whicheverisless.(d)Whenasingle‐weldedbuttjointismadebyusingabackingstripwhichisleftinplace[TypeNo.(2)ofTableUW-12],therequirementforreinforcementappliesonlytothesideoppositethebackingstrip.(e)Toassurethatthebuttweldedjointsarecompletelyfilledsothatthesurfaceoftheweldmetalatanypointdoesnotfallbelowthesurfaceoftheadjoiningbasematerials,weldmetalmaybeaddedasreinforcementoneachfaceoftheweld.Thethicknessoftheweldreinforcementoneachfaceshallnotexceedthefollowing:(a)对接焊接头应完全焊透和熔合。允许存在焊态表面，但焊缝表面不应有粗糙的焊波，沟槽、焊瘤、陡脊或凹坑，以便于射线照相及其他要求的无损检测能够作出正确的评定。若在射线照相底片评定时，认为焊缝表面状况存在问题，则应用该影像与实际焊缝表面进行对照以确定合格与否。(b)若满足下列条件，由焊接方法引起的厚度减薄是允许的。(1)厚度减薄不应将相邻表面任一处材料降低至设计厚度以下。(2)厚度减薄应不超过1/32in.(1mm)或相邻表面公称厚度的10%，取两者中较小者4(c)当单面焊对接接头采用垫板，并保留于原位时[表UW-12的(2)型]，对焊缝余高的要求仅适用于垫板的反面一侧。(d)为保证焊缝坡口完全填满以使焊缝金属任一点的表面不低于相邻母材"表面，可增加焊缝金属作为焊缝每面的余高，但每个面焊缝余高的厚度不应超过下述厚度:03GB/T150.4中圆筒与壳体A、B类焊接接头对口错边量6应符合表1的规定。锻焊容器B类焊接接头对口错边量6应不大于对口处钢材厚度8,的1/8,且不大于5mm。04GB/T150.4中焊缝表面的形状尺寸及外观要求A、B类焊接接头的焊缝余高e1、e2。按表3和图11的规定。