研究现状
微裂纹缺陷是HEB-AM成形镍基高温合金中常见的缺陷,严重制约着成形零部件的力学性能,是必须予以解决的问题。由于HEB-AM过程始终伴随着较高的热应力,合金化程度高的镍基高温合金易产生显微偏析。受制于成形过程晶粒外延生长特性,在热影响区容易萌生裂纹,并沿着晶界扩展。针对镍基高温合金在HEB-AM过程中的微裂纹形成原因,国内外也做了一些研究。总的来说镍基高温合金在SLM成形过程中微裂纹的萌发和扩展归因于材料本身的冶金性能和过大的热应力。
激上。
图2 高能束增材制造技术加工镍基高温合金的裂纹抑制方法
研究难点或瓶颈
镍基高温合金在600℃以上仍保持较高的强度、良好的抗热腐蚀性、抗热氧化性及良好的组织稳定性,是航天航空发动机热端零部件中不可取代的材料。然而,传统方法难以制造复杂结构的镍基高温合金,HEB-AM是解决镍基高温合金难制造问题的核心技术。然而,HEB-AM成形镍基高温合金尚处于起步阶段,且大多数研究致力于工艺参数优化及热处理对组织影响,HEB-AM成形镍基高温合金的高温性能差和微裂纹缺陷还没有完全解决,镍基高温合金成分优化对成形质量的方面的研究更是缺乏。
图3 裂纹产生的原因及抑制裂纹的机理和方法总结
未来展望
(3) 随着HEB-AM技术的深入发展,大尺寸复杂结构零部件的整体制造被提上日程,这将需要多激光协同作业。目前缺乏多激光成形镍基高温合金的相应研究,下一步有必要加大对多激光大台面成形镍基高温合金工艺及设备方面的研究,为整体制造大尺寸复杂零部件提供技术支持。
论文原文链接:
doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2022.100055
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772665722000393
Qingsong Wei, Yin Xie, Qing Teng, Muyu Shen, Shanshan Sun, Chao Cai. Crack Types, Mechanisms, and Suppression Methods during High-energy Beam Additive Manufacturing of Nickel-based Superalloys: A Review. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers, 2022, 1(4): 100055.
团队带头人介绍
作者介绍
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