特朗普：美国地调局预算削减15%，地震预警项目暂停

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美国地调局预算被削减15% ，地震预警项目暂停

廖文杰译

特朗普政府2018年预算支持能源和矿产资源项目，但同时大幅削减气候项目和许多其他的领域的资金投入

表1 美国地调局在2018年国家预算中的资金分配情况
USGS Program	2017 百万美元	2018 百万美元	改变量 (百万美元)	百分比
Ecosystems	160	132	−28	−17.3%
Climate and Land Use Change	149	113	−36	−24.4%
Energy and Minerals and Environmental Health	94	92	−3	−3.0%
Natural Hazards	145	118	−27	−18.6%
Water Resources	215	173	−42	−19.4%
Core Science Systems	116	93	−23	−19.9%
Science Support	106	89	−16	−15.4%
Facilities	100	112	+12	+11.7%
USGS Total	1085	922	−163	−15.0%

ShakeAlert和地磁项目资金清零

在资金预算分拨蓝图中，自然灾害研究部分的资金被大幅削减，同时美国地调局在西海岸建设地震早期预警系统的努力也被取消了。同时取消的还有地磁研究项目，这部分的资金削减将会降低对磁场和地磁暴冲击的预测准确性。国家火山预警系统也将被暂停，用于减少海洋灾害的项目资金将削减。

“公众应该知道如果这份预算不加改变就被执行，那么将会严重减弱国家对于由地震和海啸引起的国家经济和公众安全问题的反应能力”兰.布罗德本特（美国地震学会执行主席）如是说。她还补充到这个预算制定过于目光短浅了。联邦的投资能促使各州，地方和私人实体进行投资。在减灾方面的投资能够拯救生命，同时减少在遭受地震和其他自然灾害后的灾后重建费用。

ShakeAlert：地震早期报警

ShakeAlert是美国地调局联合州以及大学的合作伙伴一起开发的位于美国西海岸的一项地震早期预警系统。在这个预警系统能发布通知公众的信息之前，长期的基金投入必须得到保证，然而，这项目中只有有限部分试验性质的项目能够得到执行和持续发展。美国地调局曾经制定的目标是：到2018年前系统要能够具有发布部分通知公众消息的能力。

USGS Funding Slashed 15% in Proposed Federal Budget

Requested fiscal year 2018 spending levels support energy and mineral resources programs but make deep cuts to climate programs and many other areas.

ShakeAlert and Geomagnetism Funding Zeroed Out

Funding for natural hazards also takes a hard hit in the proposed spending blueprint, with the elimination of USGS efforts to implement the ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System on the West Coast. Gone as well is the Geomagnetism Program, a cut that would reduce the accuracy of forecasts of the magnitude and impact of geomagnetic storms. The funding request would suspend implementation of the National Volcano Early Warning System and pare funding for programs to reduce marine hazards.

“The public should know that if this budget were enacted without changes, it would severely reduce the nation’s ability to respond to the economic and public safety issues resulting from earthquakes and tsunami,” Nan Broadbent, executive director of the Seismological Society of America, told Eos. She added that the budget “is shortsighted. Federal investment prompts investment by state, local, and private entities. Dollars invested in mitigation efforts save lives and reduce the cost of recovering for communities hard hit by earthquakes and other natural disasters.”

ShakeAlert: Earthquake Early Warning

The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) along with a coalition of State and university partners is developing and testing an earthquake early warning (EEW) system called ShakeAlert for the west coast of the United States. Long term funding must be secured before the system can begin sending general public notifications, however, some limited pilot projects are active and more are being developed. The USGS has set the goal of beginning limited public notifications by 2018.